Spaceflight Flight Instance
API endpoint that allows a flight of a specific Spacecraft instances to be viewed.
GET: Return a list of all the existing Spacecraft flights.
FILTERS: Parameters - 'spacecraft' Example - /api/2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/?spacecraft=37
GET /2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/144/?format=api
{ "id": 144, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/144/?format=api", "mission_end": "2000-09-20T07:56:00Z", "destination": "International Space Station", "launch_crew": [ { "id": 2017, "role": { "id": 1, "role": "Commander", "priority": 0 }, "astronaut": { "id": 427, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/427/?format=api", "name": "Terrence W. Wilcutt", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P42DT2M8S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1949-10-31", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Terrence Wade Wilcutt is a United States Marine Corps officer and a NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of four Space Shuttle missions. Wilcutt is currently the Director of Safety and Mission Assurance, Johnson Space Center.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/terrence2520w.2520wilcutt_image_20181202142456.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrence_W._Wilcutt", "last_flight": "2000-09-08T12:45:47Z", "first_flight": "1994-09-30T11:16:01Z" } }, { "id": 2031, "role": { "id": 2, "role": "Pilot", "priority": 2 }, "astronaut": { "id": 460, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/460/?format=api", "name": "Scott Altman", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P51DT12H48M15S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1959-08-15", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Scott Douglas \"Scooter\" Altman is a retired United States Navy Captain, engineer, test pilot and former NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of four Space Shuttle missions. His fourth mission on STS-125 was the last servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/scott_altman_image_20220911034129.jpeg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Altman", "last_flight": "2009-05-11T18:01:56Z", "first_flight": "1998-04-17T18:19:00Z" } }, { "id": 2089, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 202, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/202/?format=api", "name": "Boris Morukov", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P11DT19H10M13S", "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1950-10-01", "date_of_death": "2015-01-01", "nationality": "Russian", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Boris Vladimirovich Morukov (Russian: Бори́с Влади́мирович Моруков; 1 October 1950 – 1 January 2015) was a Russian physician at the State Research Center RF-Institute for Biomedical Problems (IBMP). He trained with the Russian Federal Space Agency as a research-cosmonaut and flew aboard NASA Space Shuttle mission STS-106 as a mission specialist.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/boris2520morukov_image_20181201180150.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Morukov", "last_flight": "2000-09-08T12:45:47Z", "first_flight": "2000-09-08T12:45:47Z" } }, { "id": 2086, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 495, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/495/?format=api", "name": "Daniel C. Burbank", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P188DT21H47M15S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1961-07-27", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/AstroCoastie", "instagram": null, "bio": "Daniel Christopher Burbank is a retired American astronaut and a veteran of two Space Shuttle missions. Burbank, a Captain in the United States Coast Guard, is the second Coast Guard astronaut after Bruce Melnick.\r\n\r\nBurbank was born in Manchester, Connecticut, and raised in Tolland, Connecticut, where he graduated from Tolland High School. He attended Fairfield University his freshman year before transferring to the United States Coast Guard Academy, where he earned his commission in 1985. In 1987, he went through flight training and became an instructor pilot, serving at various Coast Guard stations at Coast Guard Air Station Elizabeth City, Coast Guard Air Station Cape Cod, and Coast Guard Air Station Sitka.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/daniel_c._burba_image_20220911034116.jpeg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_C._Burbank", "last_flight": "2011-11-14T04:14:03Z", "first_flight": "2000-09-08T12:45:47Z" } }, { "id": 1978, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 480, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/480/?format=api", "name": "Ed Lu", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P205DT23H15M33S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1963-07-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/astroEdLu", "instagram": null, "bio": "Edward Tsang \"Ed\" Lu (simplified Chinese: 卢杰; traditional Chinese: 盧傑; pinyin: Lú Jié) is an American physicist and former NASA astronaut. He flew on two Space Shuttle flights, and made an extended stay aboard the International Space Station.\r\n\r\nIn 2007, Lu retired from NASA to become the program manager of Google's Advanced Projects Team. In 2002, while still at NASA, Lu co-founded the B612 Foundation, dedicated to protecting the Earth from asteroid strikes, later serving as its chairman. As of 2014, he is currently its chief executive officer (CEO).", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ed2520lu_image_20181202152640.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Lu", "last_flight": "2003-04-26T03:53:52Z", "first_flight": "1997-05-15T08:07:48Z" } }, { "id": 2083, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 13, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/13/?format=api", "name": "Richard Mastracchio", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P227DT13H36M54S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1960-02-11", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/AstroRM", "instagram": null, "bio": "Richard Alan \"Rick\" Mastracchio is an American engineer and former NASA astronaut. He has flown on three NASA Space Shuttle missions as a mission specialist in addition to serving as a Flight Engineer on the Soyuz TMA-11M (Expedition 38/Expedition 39) long duration mission aboard the International Space Station. He is currently the Senior Director of Operations for Commercial Resupply Services at Orbital ATK.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/richard_mastrac_image_20220911033746.jpeg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mastracchio", "last_flight": "2013-11-07T04:14:15Z", "first_flight": "2000-09-08T12:45:47Z" } }, { "id": 2088, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 190, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/190/?format=api", "name": "Yuri Malenchenko", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P827DT9H21M40S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1961-12-22", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Russian", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko (Russian: Юрий Иванович Маленченко; born December 22, 1961) is a retired Russian cosmonaut. Malenchenko became the first person to marry in space, on 10 August 2003, when he married Ekaterina Dmitrieva, who was in Texas, while he was 240 miles over New Zealand, on the International Space Station. As of June 2016, Malenchenko ranks second for career time in space due to his time on both Mir and the International Space Station (ISS). He is a former Commander of the International Space Station.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/yuri2520malenchenko_image_20181201174359.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Malenchenko", "last_flight": "2015-12-15T11:03:09Z", "first_flight": "1994-07-01T12:24:50Z" } } ], "onboard_crew": [], "landing_crew": [ { "id": 381, "role": { "id": 1, "role": "Commander", "priority": 0 }, "astronaut": { "id": 427, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/427/?format=api", "name": "Terrence W. Wilcutt", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P42DT2M8S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1949-10-31", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Terrence Wade Wilcutt is a United States Marine Corps officer and a NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of four Space Shuttle missions. Wilcutt is currently the Director of Safety and Mission Assurance, Johnson Space Center.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/terrence2520w.2520wilcutt_image_20181202142456.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrence_W._Wilcutt", "last_flight": "2000-09-08T12:45:47Z", "first_flight": "1994-09-30T11:16:01Z" } }, { "id": 387, "role": { "id": 2, "role": "Pilot", "priority": 2 }, "astronaut": { "id": 460, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/460/?format=api", "name": "Scott Altman", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P51DT12H48M15S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1959-08-15", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Scott Douglas \"Scooter\" Altman is a retired United States Navy Captain, engineer, test pilot and former NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of four Space Shuttle missions. His fourth mission on STS-125 was the last servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/scott_altman_image_20220911034129.jpeg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Altman", "last_flight": "2009-05-11T18:01:56Z", "first_flight": "1998-04-17T18:19:00Z" } }, { "id": 413, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 202, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/202/?format=api", "name": "Boris Morukov", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P11DT19H10M13S", "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1950-10-01", "date_of_death": "2015-01-01", "nationality": "Russian", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Boris Vladimirovich Morukov (Russian: Бори́с Влади́мирович Моруков; 1 October 1950 – 1 January 2015) was a Russian physician at the State Research Center RF-Institute for Biomedical Problems (IBMP). He trained with the Russian Federal Space Agency as a research-cosmonaut and flew aboard NASA Space Shuttle mission STS-106 as a mission specialist.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/boris2520morukov_image_20181201180150.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Morukov", "last_flight": "2000-09-08T12:45:47Z", "first_flight": "2000-09-08T12:45:47Z" } }, { "id": 2087, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 495, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/495/?format=api", "name": "Daniel C. Burbank", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P188DT21H47M15S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1961-07-27", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/AstroCoastie", "instagram": null, "bio": "Daniel Christopher Burbank is a retired American astronaut and a veteran of two Space Shuttle missions. Burbank, a Captain in the United States Coast Guard, is the second Coast Guard astronaut after Bruce Melnick.\r\n\r\nBurbank was born in Manchester, Connecticut, and raised in Tolland, Connecticut, where he graduated from Tolland High School. He attended Fairfield University his freshman year before transferring to the United States Coast Guard Academy, where he earned his commission in 1985. In 1987, he went through flight training and became an instructor pilot, serving at various Coast Guard stations at Coast Guard Air Station Elizabeth City, Coast Guard Air Station Cape Cod, and Coast Guard Air Station Sitka.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/daniel_c._burba_image_20220911034116.jpeg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_C._Burbank", "last_flight": "2011-11-14T04:14:03Z", "first_flight": "2000-09-08T12:45:47Z" } }, { "id": 368, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 480, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/480/?format=api", "name": "Ed Lu", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P205DT23H15M33S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1963-07-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/astroEdLu", "instagram": null, "bio": "Edward Tsang \"Ed\" Lu (simplified Chinese: 卢杰; traditional Chinese: 盧傑; pinyin: Lú Jié) is an American physicist and former NASA astronaut. He flew on two Space Shuttle flights, and made an extended stay aboard the International Space Station.\r\n\r\nIn 2007, Lu retired from NASA to become the program manager of Google's Advanced Projects Team. In 2002, while still at NASA, Lu co-founded the B612 Foundation, dedicated to protecting the Earth from asteroid strikes, later serving as its chairman. As of 2014, he is currently its chief executive officer (CEO).", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ed2520lu_image_20181202152640.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Lu", "last_flight": "2003-04-26T03:53:52Z", "first_flight": "1997-05-15T08:07:48Z" } }, { "id": 2079, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 13, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/13/?format=api", "name": "Richard Mastracchio", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P227DT13H36M54S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1960-02-11", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/AstroRM", "instagram": null, "bio": "Richard Alan \"Rick\" Mastracchio is an American engineer and former NASA astronaut. He has flown on three NASA Space Shuttle missions as a mission specialist in addition to serving as a Flight Engineer on the Soyuz TMA-11M (Expedition 38/Expedition 39) long duration mission aboard the International Space Station. He is currently the Senior Director of Operations for Commercial Resupply Services at Orbital ATK.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/richard_mastrac_image_20220911033746.jpeg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mastracchio", "last_flight": "2013-11-07T04:14:15Z", "first_flight": "2000-09-08T12:45:47Z" } }, { "id": 412, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 190, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/190/?format=api", "name": "Yuri Malenchenko", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P827DT9H21M40S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1961-12-22", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Russian", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko (Russian: Юрий Иванович Маленченко; born December 22, 1961) is a retired Russian cosmonaut. Malenchenko became the first person to marry in space, on 10 August 2003, when he married Ekaterina Dmitrieva, who was in Texas, while he was 240 miles over New Zealand, on the International Space Station. As of June 2016, Malenchenko ranks second for career time in space due to his time on both Mir and the International Space Station (ISS). He is a former Commander of the International Space Station.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/yuri2520malenchenko_image_20181201174359.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Malenchenko", "last_flight": "2015-12-15T11:03:09Z", "first_flight": "1994-07-01T12:24:50Z" } } ], "spacecraft": { "id": 39, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/39/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle Atlantis", "serial_number": "OV-104", "is_placeholder": false, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P307DT12H43M25S", "time_docked": "P124DT2H45M9S", "flights_count": 33, "mission_ends_count": 33, "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "description": "Space Shuttle Atlantis (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV‑104) is a Space Shuttle orbiter vehicle belonging to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the spaceflight and space exploration agency of the United States. Constructed by the Rockwell International company in Southern California and delivered to the Kennedy Space Center in Eastern Florida in April 1985, Atlantis is the fourth operational and the second-to-last Space Shuttle built. Its maiden flight was STS-51-J from 3 to 7 October 1985. Atlantis embarked on its 33rd and final mission, also the final mission of a space shuttle, STS-135, on 8 July 2011. STS-134 by Endeavour was expected to be the final flight before STS-135 was authorized in October 2010. STS-135 took advantage of the processing for the STS-335 Launch On Need mission that would have been necessary if STS-134's crew became stranded in orbit. Atlantis landed for the final time at the Kennedy Space Center on 21 July 2011. By the end of its final mission, Atlantis had orbited the Earth a total of 4,848 times, traveling nearly 126,000,000 mi (203,000,000 km) or more than 525 times the distance from the Earth to the Moon.", "spacecraft_config": { "id": 14, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/spacecraft/14/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Spaceplane" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Acting Administrator: James Free", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "in_use": false, "capability": "Carrying a crew of 7 astronauts along with cargo to Low Earth Orbit.", "history": "The Space shuttle was a United States space craft. Following the conclusion of the Apollo program the Space Shuttle intended to lower costs for reliable access to Low Earth Orbit. The program ran from 1981-2011.", "details": "The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable LEO spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development. The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights in 1982. In addition to the prototype whose completion was cancelled, five complete Shuttle systems were built and used on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST); conducted science experiments in orbit; and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station. 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