Spaceflight Flight Instance
API endpoint that allows a flight of a specific Spacecraft instances to be viewed.
GET:
Return a list of all the existing Spacecraft flights.
FILTERS:
Parameters - 'spacecraft'
Example - /api/2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/?spacecraft=37
GET /2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/141/?format=api
{ "id": 141, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/141/?format=api", "mission_end": "1999-12-28T00:01:00Z", "destination": "Low Earth Orbit", "launch_crew": [ { "id": 1983, "role": { "id": 1, "role": "Commander", "priority": 0 }, "astronaut": { "id": 410, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/410/?format=api", "name": "Curtis Brown", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P57DT15H4M43S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1956-03-11", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Curtis Lee \"Curt\" Brown Jr. is a former NASA astronaut and retired United States Air Force colonel.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/curtis2520brown_image_20181202140604.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis_Brown", "last_flight": "1999-12-20T00:50:00Z", "first_flight": "1992-09-12T14:23:00Z" } }, { "id": 2071, "role": { "id": 2, "role": "Pilot", "priority": 2 }, "astronaut": { "id": 489, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/489/?format=api", "name": "Scott Kelly", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P520DT10H32M26S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1964-02-21", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/StationCDRKelly", "instagram": "https://www.instagram.com/stationcdrkelly/", "bio": "Scott Joseph Kelly is an engineer, retired American astronaut, and a retired U.S. Navy Captain. A veteran of four space flights, Kelly commanded the International Space Station (ISS) on Expeditions 26, 45, and 46.\r\n\r\nKelly's first spaceflight was as pilot of Space Shuttle Discovery, during STS-103 in December 1999. This was the third servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope, and lasted for just under eight days. Kelly's second spaceflight was as mission commander of STS-118, a 12-day Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station in August 2007. Kelly's third spaceflight was as commander of Expedition 26 on the ISS. He arrived 9 October 2010, on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft, during Expedition 25, and served as a flight engineer until it ended. He took over command of the station on 25 November 2010, at the start of Expedition 26 which began officially when the spacecraft Soyuz TMA-19 undocked, carrying the previous commander of the station, Douglas H. Wheelock. Expedition 26 ended on 16 March 2011 with the departure of Soyuz TMA-01M. This was Kelly's first long-duration spaceflight.\r\n\r\nIn November 2012, Kelly was selected, along with Mikhail Korniyenko, for a year-long mission to the International Space Station. Their year in space commenced 27 March 2015 with the start of Expedition 43, continued through the entirety of Expeditions 44, and 45, both of which Kelly commanded. He passed command to Timothy Kopra on 29 February 2016, when the ISS 11-month mission ended. He returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TMA-18M on 1 March 2016.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/scott_kelly_image_20220911033557.jpeg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Kelly_(astronaut)", "last_flight": "2015-03-27T19:42:57Z", "first_flight": "1999-12-20T00:50:00Z" } }, { "id": 1817, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 89, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/89/?format=api", "name": "Jean-François Clervoy", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P28DT2H3M29S", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "type": "Multinational" }, "date_of_birth": "1958-11-19", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "French", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Jean-François André Clervoy (born 19 November 1958) is a French engineer and a CNES and ESA astronaut. He is a veteran of three NASA Space Shuttle missions.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/jean-fran25c325a7ois2520clervoy_image_20181128224912.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Clervoy", "last_flight": "1999-12-20T00:50:00Z", "first_flight": "1994-11-03T16:59:43Z" } }, { "id": 1606, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 2, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/2/?format=api", "name": "Claude Nicollier", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P42DT12H3M12S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "type": "Multinational" }, "date_of_birth": "1944-09-02", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Swiss", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/Astroclaude", "instagram": null, "bio": "Claude Nicollier is the first astronaut from Switzerland. He has flown on four Space Shuttle missions. His first spaceflight (STS-46) was in 1992, and his final spaceflight (STS-103) was in 1999. He took part in two servicing missions to the Hubble Space Telescope (called STS-61 and STS-103). During his final spaceflight he participated in a spacewalk, becoming the first European Space Agency astronaut to do so during a Space Shuttle mission. In 2000 he was assigned to the Astronaut Office Extravehicular Activity Branch, while maintaining a position as Lead ESA Astronaut in Houston. Nicollier retired from ESA in April 2007.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/claude2520nicollier_image_20181127203218.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Nicollier", "last_flight": "1999-12-20T00:50:00Z", "first_flight": "1992-07-31T13:56:48Z" } }, { "id": 1804, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 456, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/456/?format=api", "name": "Steven Smith", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P40DT15M23S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1958-12-30", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Steven Lee Smith is an American technology executive and former NASA astronaut, being a veteran of four space flights covering 16 million miles and seven space walks totaling 49 hours and 25 minutes. Smith’s spacewalk time places him in the top ten on the all-time American and World spacewalk duration lists.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/steven2520smith_image_20181202145946.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Smith_(astronaut)", "last_flight": "2002-04-08T20:44:19Z", "first_flight": "1994-09-30T11:16:01Z" } }, { "id": 1843, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 449, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/449/?format=api", "name": "John M. Grunsfeld", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P58DT15H3M26S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1958-10-10", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/SciAstro", "instagram": null, "bio": "John Mace Grunsfeld is an American physicist and a former NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of five Space Shuttle flights and has served as NASA Chief Scientist. His academic background includes research in high energy astrophysics, cosmic ray physics and the emerging field of exoplanet studies with specific interest in future astronomical instrumentation. After retiring from NASA in 2009, he served as the Deputy Director of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland. In January 2012, he returned to NASA and served as associate administrator of NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD). Grunsfeld announced his retirement from NASA in April 2016.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/john2520m.2520grunsfeld_image_20181202144850.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Grunsfeld", "last_flight": "2009-05-11T18:01:56Z", "first_flight": "1995-03-02T06:38:13Z" } }, { "id": 1585, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 417, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/417/?format=api", "name": "Michael Foale", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P373DT17H16M26S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1957-01-06", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Colin Michael Foale CBE is a British-American astrophysicist and former NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of six space missions, and is the only NASA astronaut to have flown extended missions aboard both Mir and the International Space Station. He was the first Briton to perform a space walk, and until 17 April 2008, he held the record for most time spent in space by a US citizen: 374 days, 11 hours, 19 minutes. He still holds the cumulative-time-in-space record for a UK citizen.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/michael2520foale_image_20181202141301.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Foale", "last_flight": "2003-10-18T05:38:03Z", "first_flight": "1992-03-24T13:13:39Z" } } ], "onboard_crew": [], "landing_crew": [ { "id": 370, "role": { "id": 1, "role": "Commander", "priority": 0 }, "astronaut": { "id": 410, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/410/?format=api", "name": "Curtis Brown", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P57DT15H4M43S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1956-03-11", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Curtis Lee \"Curt\" Brown Jr. is a former NASA astronaut and retired United States Air Force colonel.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/curtis2520brown_image_20181202140604.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis_Brown", "last_flight": "1999-12-20T00:50:00Z", "first_flight": "1992-09-12T14:23:00Z" } }, { "id": 405, "role": { "id": 2, "role": "Pilot", "priority": 2 }, "astronaut": { "id": 489, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/489/?format=api", "name": "Scott Kelly", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P520DT10H32M26S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1964-02-21", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/StationCDRKelly", "instagram": "https://www.instagram.com/stationcdrkelly/", "bio": "Scott Joseph Kelly is an engineer, retired American astronaut, and a retired U.S. Navy Captain. A veteran of four space flights, Kelly commanded the International Space Station (ISS) on Expeditions 26, 45, and 46.\r\n\r\nKelly's first spaceflight was as pilot of Space Shuttle Discovery, during STS-103 in December 1999. This was the third servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope, and lasted for just under eight days. Kelly's second spaceflight was as mission commander of STS-118, a 12-day Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station in August 2007. Kelly's third spaceflight was as commander of Expedition 26 on the ISS. He arrived 9 October 2010, on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft, during Expedition 25, and served as a flight engineer until it ended. He took over command of the station on 25 November 2010, at the start of Expedition 26 which began officially when the spacecraft Soyuz TMA-19 undocked, carrying the previous commander of the station, Douglas H. Wheelock. Expedition 26 ended on 16 March 2011 with the departure of Soyuz TMA-01M. This was Kelly's first long-duration spaceflight.\r\n\r\nIn November 2012, Kelly was selected, along with Mikhail Korniyenko, for a year-long mission to the International Space Station. Their year in space commenced 27 March 2015 with the start of Expedition 43, continued through the entirety of Expeditions 44, and 45, both of which Kelly commanded. He passed command to Timothy Kopra on 29 February 2016, when the ISS 11-month mission ended. He returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TMA-18M on 1 March 2016.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/scott_kelly_image_20220911033557.jpeg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Kelly_(astronaut)", "last_flight": "2015-03-27T19:42:57Z", "first_flight": "1999-12-20T00:50:00Z" } }, { "id": 317, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 89, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/89/?format=api", "name": "Jean-François Clervoy", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P28DT2H3M29S", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "type": "Multinational" }, "date_of_birth": "1958-11-19", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "French", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Jean-François André Clervoy (born 19 November 1958) is a French engineer and a CNES and ESA astronaut. He is a veteran of three NASA Space Shuttle missions.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/jean-fran25c325a7ois2520clervoy_image_20181128224912.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Clervoy", "last_flight": "1999-12-20T00:50:00Z", "first_flight": "1994-11-03T16:59:43Z" } }, { "id": 266, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 2, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/2/?format=api", "name": "Claude Nicollier", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P42DT12H3M12S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "type": "Multinational" }, "date_of_birth": "1944-09-02", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Swiss", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/Astroclaude", "instagram": null, "bio": "Claude Nicollier is the first astronaut from Switzerland. He has flown on four Space Shuttle missions. His first spaceflight (STS-46) was in 1992, and his final spaceflight (STS-103) was in 1999. He took part in two servicing missions to the Hubble Space Telescope (called STS-61 and STS-103). During his final spaceflight he participated in a spacewalk, becoming the first European Space Agency astronaut to do so during a Space Shuttle mission. In 2000 he was assigned to the Astronaut Office Extravehicular Activity Branch, while maintaining a position as Lead ESA Astronaut in Houston. Nicollier retired from ESA in April 2007.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/claude2520nicollier_image_20181127203218.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Nicollier", "last_flight": "1999-12-20T00:50:00Z", "first_flight": "1992-07-31T13:56:48Z" } }, { "id": 1807, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 456, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/456/?format=api", "name": "Steven Smith", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P40DT15M23S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1958-12-30", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Steven Lee Smith is an American technology executive and former NASA astronaut, being a veteran of four space flights covering 16 million miles and seven space walks totaling 49 hours and 25 minutes. Smith’s spacewalk time places him in the top ten on the all-time American and World spacewalk duration lists.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/steven2520smith_image_20181202145946.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Smith_(astronaut)", "last_flight": "2002-04-08T20:44:19Z", "first_flight": "1994-09-30T11:16:01Z" } }, { "id": 1846, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 449, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/449/?format=api", "name": "John M. Grunsfeld", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P58DT15H3M26S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1958-10-10", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/SciAstro", "instagram": null, "bio": "John Mace Grunsfeld is an American physicist and a former NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of five Space Shuttle flights and has served as NASA Chief Scientist. His academic background includes research in high energy astrophysics, cosmic ray physics and the emerging field of exoplanet studies with specific interest in future astronomical instrumentation. After retiring from NASA in 2009, he served as the Deputy Director of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland. In January 2012, he returned to NASA and served as associate administrator of NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD). Grunsfeld announced his retirement from NASA in April 2016.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/john2520m.2520grunsfeld_image_20181202144850.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Grunsfeld", "last_flight": "2009-05-11T18:01:56Z", "first_flight": "1995-03-02T06:38:13Z" } }, { "id": 259, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 417, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/417/?format=api", "name": "Michael Foale", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P373DT17H16M26S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1957-01-06", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Colin Michael Foale CBE is a British-American astrophysicist and former NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of six space missions, and is the only NASA astronaut to have flown extended missions aboard both Mir and the International Space Station. He was the first Briton to perform a space walk, and until 17 April 2008, he held the record for most time spent in space by a US citizen: 374 days, 11 hours, 19 minutes. He still holds the cumulative-time-in-space record for a UK citizen.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/michael2520foale_image_20181202141301.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Foale", "last_flight": "2003-10-18T05:38:03Z", "first_flight": "1992-03-24T13:13:39Z" } } ], "spacecraft": { "id": 38, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/38/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle Discovery", "serial_number": "OV-103", "is_placeholder": false, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P365DT9H8M12S", "time_docked": "P114DT6H36M", "flights_count": 39, "mission_ends_count": 39, "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "description": "Space Shuttle Discovery (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-103) is one of the orbiters from NASA's Space Shuttle program and the third of five fully operational orbiters to be built. Its first mission, STS-41-D, flew from August 30 to September 5, 1984. Over 27 years of service it launched and landed 39 times, gathering more spaceflights than any other spacecraft to date. Discovery became the third operational orbiter to enter service, preceded by Columbia and Challenger. It embarked on its last mission, STS-133, on February 24, 2011 and touched down for the final time at Kennedy Space Center on March 9, having spent a cumulative total of almost a full year in space. Discovery performed both research and International Space Station (ISS) assembly missions. It also carried the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit. Discovery was the first operational shuttle to be retired, followed by Endeavour and then Atlantis.", "spacecraft_config": { "id": 14, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/spacecraft/14/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Spaceplane" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. 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The program ran from 1981-2011.", "details": "The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable LEO spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development. The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights in 1982. In addition to the prototype whose completion was cancelled, five complete Shuttle systems were built and used on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST); conducted science experiments in orbit; and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station. 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