Launch Instance
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/c265e94e-e0d7-4a2c-b051-356f325c00db/?format=api
{ "id": "c265e94e-e0d7-4a2c-b051-356f325c00db", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/c265e94e-e0d7-4a2c-b051-356f325c00db/?format=api", "slug": "space-shuttle-endeavour-ov-105-sts-111", "flightclub_url": null, "r_spacex_api_id": null, "name": "Space Shuttle Endeavour / OV-105 | STS-111", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T08:51:38Z", "updates": [], "net": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z", "net_precision": null, "window_end": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z", "window_start": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z", "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 191, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/191/?format=api", "name": "United Space Alliance", "featured": false, "type": "Commercial", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "USA", "description": "United Space Alliance (USA) is a spaceflight operations company. USA is a joint venture which was established in August 1995 as a Limited Liability Company (LLC), equally owned by Boeing and Lockheed Martin.", "administrator": null, "founding_year": "1995", "launchers": "Space Shuttle", "spacecraft": "", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 51, "consecutive_successful_launches": 22, "successful_launches": 50, "failed_launches": 1, "pending_launches": 0, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "info_url": "http://www.unitedspacealliance.com/", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Space_Alliance", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/united2520space2520alliance_logo_20190830220958.jpg", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/united2520space2520alliance_image_20190830220958.jpg", "nation_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/united2520space2520alliance_nation_20190830220958.jpg" }, "rocket": { "id": 481, "configuration": { "id": 493, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/493/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle", "active": false, "reusable": true, "description": "The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS). Five complete Space Shuttle orbiter vehicles were built and flown on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011.", "family": "", "full_name": "Space Shuttle", "manufacturer": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Acting Administrator: James Free", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 141, "consecutive_successful_launches": 11, "successful_launches": 121, "failed_launches": 20, "pending_launches": 6, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "info_url": "http://www.nasa.gov", "wiki_url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "nation_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_nation_20230803040809.jpg" }, "program": [ { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/6/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle", "description": "The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011.", "agencies": [ { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/space2520shutt_program_20200820202237.png", "start_date": "1981-04-12T12:00:03Z", "end_date": "2011-07-08T15:29:00Z", "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "variant": "", "alias": "", "min_stage": 2, "max_stage": 2, "length": 56.1, "diameter": 8.0, "maiden_flight": "1981-04-12", "launch_cost": "450000000", "launch_mass": 2030, "leo_capacity": 27500, "gto_capacity": null, "to_thrust": 28200, "apogee": null, "vehicle_range": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/space_shuttle_image_20230422074810.jpeg", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle", "total_launch_count": 135, "consecutive_successful_launches": 22, "successful_launches": 133, "failed_launches": 2, "pending_launches": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0 }, "launcher_stage": [], "spacecraft_stage": { "id": 155, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/155/?format=api", "mission_end": "2002-06-19T17:58:45Z", "destination": "International Space Station", "launch_crew": [ { "id": 1954, "role": { "id": 1, "role": "Commander", "priority": 0 }, "astronaut": { "id": 422, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/422/?format=api", "name": "Kenneth Cockrell", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P64DT12H26M7S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1950-04-09", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Kenneth Dale \"Taco\" Cockrell is an American astronaut and a veteran of five space shuttle missions.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/kenneth2520cockrell_image_20181202142019.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Cockrell", "last_flight": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z", "first_flight": "1993-04-08T05:29:00Z" } }, { "id": 2147, "role": { "id": 2, "role": "Pilot", "priority": 2 }, "astronaut": { "id": 490, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/490/?format=api", "name": "Paul Lockhart", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P27DT15H24M9S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1956-04-28", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Paul Scott \"Paco\" Lockhart is an American aerospace engineer, retired United States Air Force Colonel and NASA astronaut, a veteran of two Space Shuttle missions.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/paul2520lockhart_image_20181203154629.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lockhart", "last_flight": "2002-11-24T00:49:47Z", "first_flight": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z" } }, { "id": 2149, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 221, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/221/?format=api", "name": "Philippe Perrin", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P13DT20H35M56S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 46, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/46/?format=api", "name": "National Center of Space Research", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1963-01-06", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "French", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Philippe Perrin (Colonel, French Air Force) (born January 6, 1963) is a French test pilot and former CNES and European Space Agency astronaut.\r\nHe served as a mission specialist on the STS-111 mission in 2002 and logged over 332 hours in space, including 19 hours and 31 minutes in three spacewalks, performed with Franklin Chang-Diaz.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/philippe2520perrin_image_20181201190321.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_Perrin", "last_flight": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z", "first_flight": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z" } }, { "id": 2152, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 270, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/270/?format=api", "name": "Sergei Treshchov", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P184DT22H15M11S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1958-08-18", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Russian", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Sergei Yevgenyevich Treshchov (Сергей Евгеньевич Трещёв, born 18 August 1958) is a former cosmonaut of the RSC Energia. He spent 184 days in space as a flight engineer of the International Space Station long duration Expedition 5 crew. During the mission Treshchov also conducted a spacewalk.\r\nIn 1992, he enrolled in the RSC Energia cosmonaut detachment, and from 1992 to 1994 he completed the basic Cosmonaut training course. Treshchov spent the next 3 years (1994 to 1996) in advanced Test Cosmonaut training.\r\nFrom June 1997 to February 1998, Treshchov trained as a flight engineer for the Mir station backup Exp-25 crew. From June 1999 to July 2000 he trained as a flight engineer for the Soyuz-TM backup ISS contingency crew. Initially, he trained as backup to the ISS Expedition 3 crew.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/sergei2520treshchov_image_20181201223108.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Treshchov", "last_flight": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z", "first_flight": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z" } }, { "id": 2150, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 170, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/170/?format=api", "name": "Valery Korzun", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P381DT15H41M8S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1953-03-05", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Russian", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Valery Grigoryevich Korzun (Russian: Валерий Григорьевич Корзун, born 5 March 1953) is a Russian cosmonaut. He has been in space twice totalling 381 days. He has also conducted four career spacewalks.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/valery2520korzun_image_20181129233723.jpeg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valery_Korzun", "last_flight": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z", "first_flight": "1996-08-17T13:18:03Z" } }, { "id": 2151, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 513, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/513/?format=api", "name": "Peggy Whitson", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P675DT3H52M10S", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "id": 1022, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/1022/?format=api", "name": "Axiom Space", "type": "Private" }, "date_of_birth": "1960-02-09", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/AstroPeggy", "instagram": "https://www.instagram.com/astro_peggy/", "bio": "Peggy Annette Whitson is an American biochemistry researcher, retired NASA astronaut, and former NASA Chief Astronaut. Her first space mission was in 2002, with an extended stay aboard the International Space Station as a member of Expedition 5. Her second mission launched October 10, 2007, as the first female commander of the ISS with Expedition 16. She was on her third long-duration space flight and was the commander of the International Space Station for Expedition 51, before handing over command to Fyodor Yurchikhin on June 1, 2017.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/peggy_whitson_image_20210210144848.jpeg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Whitson", "last_flight": "2023-05-21T21:37:09Z", "first_flight": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z" } }, { "id": 1359, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 372, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/372/?format=api", "name": "Franklin Chang Díaz", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P66DT18H15M4S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1950-04-05", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Franklin Ramón Chang Díaz is a Costa Rican Chinese American mechanical engineer, physicist, former NASA astronaut. He is the founder and current CEO of Ad Astra Rocket Company as well as a member of Cummins' board of directors. He became an American citizen in 1977. He is of Chinese (paternal side) and Costa Rican Spanish (maternal side) descent. He is a veteran of seven Space Shuttle missions, tieing the record, as of 2018 for the most spaceflights (a record set by Jerry L. Ross). He was the third Latin American, but the first Latin American immigrant NASA Astronaut selected to go into space. Chang Díaz is a member of the NASA Astronaut Hall of Fame.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/franklin_chang__image_20220911034344.jpeg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Chang_D%C3%ADaz", "last_flight": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z", "first_flight": "1986-01-12T11:55:00Z" } } ], "onboard_crew": [], "landing_crew": [ { "id": 361, "role": { "id": 1, "role": "Commander", "priority": 0 }, "astronaut": { "id": 422, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/422/?format=api", "name": "Kenneth Cockrell", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P64DT12H26M7S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1950-04-09", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Kenneth Dale \"Taco\" Cockrell is an American astronaut and a veteran of five space shuttle missions.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/kenneth2520cockrell_image_20181202142019.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Cockrell", "last_flight": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z", "first_flight": "1993-04-08T05:29:00Z" } }, { "id": 2148, "role": { "id": 2, "role": "Pilot", "priority": 2 }, "astronaut": { "id": 490, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/490/?format=api", "name": "Paul Lockhart", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P27DT15H24M9S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1956-04-28", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Paul Scott \"Paco\" Lockhart is an American aerospace engineer, retired United States Air Force Colonel and NASA astronaut, a veteran of two Space Shuttle missions.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/paul2520lockhart_image_20181203154629.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lockhart", "last_flight": "2002-11-24T00:49:47Z", "first_flight": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z" } }, { "id": 444, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 221, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/221/?format=api", "name": "Philippe Perrin", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P13DT20H35M56S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 46, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/46/?format=api", "name": "National Center of Space Research", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1963-01-06", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "French", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Philippe Perrin (Colonel, French Air Force) (born January 6, 1963) is a French test pilot and former CNES and European Space Agency astronaut.\r\nHe served as a mission specialist on the STS-111 mission in 2002 and logged over 332 hours in space, including 19 hours and 31 minutes in three spacewalks, performed with Franklin Chang-Diaz.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/philippe2520perrin_image_20181201190321.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_Perrin", "last_flight": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z", "first_flight": "2002-06-05T21:22:49Z" } }, { "id": 435, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 215, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/215/?format=api", "name": "Yury Onufriyenko", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P389DT14H46M12S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1961-02-06", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Russian", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Col. Yuri Ivanovich Onufriyenko (Russian: Юрий Иванович Онуфриенко, Ukrainian: Юрій Іванович Онуфрієнко) (born 6 February 1961) is a retired Russian cosmonaut. He is a veteran of two extended spaceflights, aboard the space station Mir in 1996 and aboard the International Space Station in 2001-2002.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/yury2520onufriyenko_image_20181201184528.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yury_Onufriyenko", "last_flight": "2001-12-05T22:19:28Z", "first_flight": "1996-02-21T12:34:05Z" } }, { "id": 292, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 438, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/438/?format=api", "name": "Carl E. Walz", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P230DT13H3M33S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1955-09-06", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Carl Erwin Walz is a former NASA astronaut currently working for Orbital Sciences Corporation's Advanced Programs Group as Vice President for Human Space Flight Operations. Walz was formerly assigned to the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC. He was the Acting Director for the Advanced Capabilities Division in the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate, and was responsible for a broad range of activities to include Human Research, Technology Development, Nuclear Power and Propulsion and the Lunar Robotic Exploration Programs to support the Vision for Space Exploration.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/carl_e._walz_image_20220911033826.jpeg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_E._Walz", "last_flight": "2001-12-05T22:19:28Z", "first_flight": "1993-09-12T11:45:00Z" } }, { "id": 291, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 428, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/428/?format=api", "name": "Daniel W. Bursch", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P226DT22H15M22S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1957-07-25", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Daniel Wheeler Bursch is a former NASA astronaut, and Captain of the United States Navy. He had four spaceflights, the first three of which were Space Shuttle missions lasting 10 to 11 days each. His fourth and final spaceflight was a long-duration stay aboard the International Space Station as a crew member of Expedition 4, which lasted from December 2001 to June 2002. This 196-day mission set a new record for the longest duration spaceflight for an American astronaut, a record simultaneously set with his crew mate Carl Walz. 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