Launch Instance
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/90d7f91b-bdab-4856-b3fc-f613e5555b69/?format=api
{ "id": "90d7f91b-bdab-4856-b3fc-f613e5555b69", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/90d7f91b-bdab-4856-b3fc-f613e5555b69/?format=api", "slug": "space-shuttle-columbia-ov-102-sts-52", "flightclub_url": null, "r_spacex_api_id": null, "name": "Space Shuttle Columbia / OV-102 | STS-52", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-06-13T18:46:41Z", "updates": [], "net": "1992-10-22T17:09:40Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "window_end": "1992-10-22T17:09:40Z", "window_start": "1992-10-22T17:09:40Z", "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 192, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/192/?format=api", "name": "Lockheed Space Operations Company", "featured": false, "type": "Commercial", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "LSOC", "description": null, "administrator": null, "founding_year": null, "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 65, "consecutive_successful_launches": 49, "successful_launches": 64, "failed_launches": 1, "pending_launches": 0, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "info_url": "", "wiki_url": "", "logo_url": null, "image_url": null, "nation_url": null }, "rocket": { "id": 358, "configuration": { "id": 493, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/493/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle", "active": false, "reusable": true, "description": "The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS). Five complete Space Shuttle orbiter vehicles were built and flown on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011.", "family": "", "full_name": "Space Shuttle", "manufacturer": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Acting Administrator: James Free", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 141, "consecutive_successful_launches": 11, "successful_launches": 121, "failed_launches": 20, "pending_launches": 6, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "info_url": "http://www.nasa.gov", "wiki_url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "nation_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_nation_20230803040809.jpg" }, "program": [ { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/6/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle", "description": "The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011.", "agencies": [ { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/space2520shutt_program_20200820202237.png", "start_date": "1981-04-12T12:00:03Z", "end_date": "2011-07-08T15:29:00Z", "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "variant": "", "alias": "", "min_stage": 2, "max_stage": 2, "length": 56.1, "diameter": 8.0, "maiden_flight": "1981-04-12", "launch_cost": "450000000", "launch_mass": 2030, "leo_capacity": 27500, "gto_capacity": null, "to_thrust": 28200, "apogee": null, "vehicle_range": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/space_shuttle_image_20230422074810.jpeg", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle", "total_launch_count": 135, "consecutive_successful_launches": 22, "successful_launches": 133, "failed_launches": 2, "pending_launches": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0 }, "launcher_stage": [], "spacecraft_stage": { "id": 94, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/94/?format=api", "mission_end": "1992-11-01T14:05:00Z", "destination": "Low Earth Orbit", "launch_crew": [ { "id": 1631, "role": { "id": 1, "role": "Commander", "priority": 0 }, "astronaut": { "id": 386, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/386/?format=api", "name": "Jim Wetherbee", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P66DT14H32M1S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1952-11-27", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "James Donald \"Wxb\" Wetherbee is an American former naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aerospace engineer, and NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of six Space Shuttle missions and is the only American to have commanded five spaceflight missions.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/jim2520wetherbee_image_20181202133638.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Wetherbee", "last_flight": "2002-11-24T00:49:47Z", "first_flight": "1990-01-09T12:35:00Z" } }, { "id": 1544, "role": { "id": 2, "role": "Pilot", "priority": 2 }, "astronaut": { "id": 397, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/397/?format=api", "name": "Michael A. Baker", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P40DT4H57M56S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1953-10-27", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Michael Allen Baker is a retired captain in the United States Navy, former NASA astronaut, and the International Space Station Program Manager for International and Crew Operations, at NASA's Johnson Space Center. He is responsible for the coordination of program operations, integration and flight crew training and support activities with the International Partners.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/michael2520a.2520baker_image_20181202135029.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_A._Baker", "last_flight": "1997-01-12T09:27:23Z", "first_flight": "1991-08-02T15:02:00Z" } }, { "id": 1521, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 396, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/396/?format=api", "name": "Charles L. Veach", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P18DT4H17M6S", "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1944-09-18", "date_of_death": "1995-10-03", "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Charles Lacy Veach was a USAF fighter pilot and NASA astronaut.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/charles2520l.2520veach_image_20181202134810.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_L._Veach", "last_flight": "1992-10-22T17:09:40Z", "first_flight": "1991-04-28T11:33:14Z" } }, { "id": 1633, "role": { "id": 8, "role": "Payload Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 188, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/188/?format=api", "name": "Steve MacLean", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P21DT16H1M25S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/16/?format=api", "name": "Canadian Space Agency", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1954-12-14", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Canadian", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Steven Glenwood MacLean FRCGS (born December 14, 1954) is a Canadian astronaut.\r\nMacLean served as a Mission Specialist on STS-115, which launched on September 9, 2006, and returned on September 21, 2006. He became the first Canadian to operate the robotic arm Canadarm2. On September 13, he performed his first spacewalk, a 7-hour EVA to activate the solar panels on the P3/4 truss – the second Canadian to do so, after Chris Hadfield.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/steve2520maclean_image_20181201174100.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_MacLean_(astronaut)", "last_flight": "2006-09-09T15:14:55Z", "first_flight": "1992-10-22T17:09:40Z" } }, { "id": 1374, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 394, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/394/?format=api", "name": "William Shepherd", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P159DT11H59M44S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1949-07-26", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "William McMichael \"Bill\" Shepherd is an American former Navy SEAL, aerospace, ocean, and mechanical engineer, and NASA astronaut who served as Commander of Expedition 1, the first crew on the International Space Station. He is also a recipient of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/william2520shepherd_image_20181202134615.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shepherd", "last_flight": "2000-10-31T07:52:47Z", "first_flight": "1988-12-02T14:30:34Z" } }, { "id": 1536, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 405, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/405/?format=api", "name": "Tamara E. Jernigan", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P63DT1H23M47S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1959-05-07", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Tamara Elizabeth \"Tammy\" Jernigan, Ph.D. is an American scientist and former NASA astronaut and a veteran of five shuttle missions.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/tamara2520e.2520jernigan_image_20181202140101.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamara_E._Jernigan", "last_flight": "1999-05-27T10:49:42Z", "first_flight": "1991-06-05T13:24:51Z" } } ], "onboard_crew": [], "landing_crew": [ { "id": 1626, "role": { "id": 1, "role": "Commander", "priority": 0 }, "astronaut": { "id": 386, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/386/?format=api", "name": "Jim Wetherbee", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P66DT14H32M1S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1952-11-27", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "James Donald \"Wxb\" Wetherbee is an American former naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aerospace engineer, and NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of six Space Shuttle missions and is the only American to have commanded five spaceflight missions.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/jim2520wetherbee_image_20181202133638.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Wetherbee", "last_flight": "2002-11-24T00:49:47Z", "first_flight": "1990-01-09T12:35:00Z" } }, { "id": 247, "role": { "id": 2, "role": "Pilot", "priority": 2 }, "astronaut": { "id": 397, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/397/?format=api", "name": "Michael A. Baker", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P40DT4H57M56S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1953-10-27", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Michael Allen Baker is a retired captain in the United States Navy, former NASA astronaut, and the International Space Station Program Manager for International and Crew Operations, at NASA's Johnson Space Center. He is responsible for the coordination of program operations, integration and flight crew training and support activities with the International Partners.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/michael2520a.2520baker_image_20181202135029.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_A._Baker", "last_flight": "1997-01-12T09:27:23Z", "first_flight": "1991-08-02T15:02:00Z" } }, { "id": 239, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 396, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/396/?format=api", "name": "Charles L. Veach", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P18DT4H17M6S", "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1944-09-18", "date_of_death": "1995-10-03", "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Charles Lacy Veach was a USAF fighter pilot and NASA astronaut.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/charles2520l.2520veach_image_20181202134810.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_L._Veach", "last_flight": "1992-10-22T17:09:40Z", "first_flight": "1991-04-28T11:33:14Z" } }, { "id": 273, "role": { "id": 8, "role": "Payload Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 188, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/188/?format=api", "name": "Steve MacLean", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P21DT16H1M25S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/16/?format=api", "name": "Canadian Space Agency", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1954-12-14", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Canadian", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Steven Glenwood MacLean FRCGS (born December 14, 1954) is a Canadian astronaut.\r\nMacLean served as a Mission Specialist on STS-115, which launched on September 9, 2006, and returned on September 21, 2006. He became the first Canadian to operate the robotic arm Canadarm2. On September 13, he performed his first spacewalk, a 7-hour EVA to activate the solar panels on the P3/4 truss – the second Canadian to do so, after Chris Hadfield.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/steve2520maclean_image_20181201174100.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_MacLean_(astronaut)", "last_flight": "2006-09-09T15:14:55Z", "first_flight": "1992-10-22T17:09:40Z" } }, { "id": 1377, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 394, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/394/?format=api", "name": "William Shepherd", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P159DT11H59M44S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1949-07-26", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "William McMichael \"Bill\" Shepherd is an American former Navy SEAL, aerospace, ocean, and mechanical engineer, and NASA astronaut who served as Commander of Expedition 1, the first crew on the International Space Station. He is also a recipient of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/william2520shepherd_image_20181202134615.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shepherd", "last_flight": "2000-10-31T07:52:47Z", "first_flight": "1988-12-02T14:30:34Z" } }, { "id": 1532, "role": { "id": 7, "role": "Mission Specialist", "priority": 4 }, "astronaut": { "id": 405, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/405/?format=api", "name": "Tamara E. Jernigan", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P63DT1H23M47S", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1959-05-07", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Tamara Elizabeth \"Tammy\" Jernigan, Ph.D. is an American scientist and former NASA astronaut and a veteran of five shuttle missions.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/tamara2520e.2520jernigan_image_20181202140101.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamara_E._Jernigan", "last_flight": "1999-05-27T10:49:42Z", "first_flight": "1991-06-05T13:24:51Z" } } ], "spacecraft": { "id": 36, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/36/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle Columbia", "serial_number": "OV-102", "is_placeholder": false, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P292DT16H28M27S", "time_docked": "P7DT33M", "flights_count": 28, "mission_ends_count": 28, "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Destroyed" }, "description": "Space Shuttle Columbia (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first space-rated orbiter in NASA's Space Shuttle fleet. It launched for the first time on mission STS-1 on April 12, 1981, the first flight of the Space Shuttle program. Over 22 years of service, it completed 27 missions before disintegrating during re-entry near the end of its 28th mission, STS-107 on February 1, 2003, resulting in the deaths of all seven crew members.", "spacecraft_config": { "id": 14, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/spacecraft/14/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Spaceplane" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Acting Administrator: James Free", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "in_use": false, "capability": "Carrying a crew of 7 astronauts along with cargo to Low Earth Orbit.", "history": "The Space shuttle was a United States space craft. Following the conclusion of the Apollo program the Space Shuttle intended to lower costs for reliable access to Low Earth Orbit. The program ran from 1981-2011.", "details": "The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable LEO spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development. The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights in 1982. In addition to the prototype whose completion was cancelled, five complete Shuttle systems were built and used on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST); conducted science experiments in orbit; and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station. 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Kennedy Space Center, located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of NASA's ten field centers. Since 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of American spaceflight, research, and technology. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS).", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_27_20200803142447.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 260, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "successful_landings": 81 }, "type": { "id": 6, "name": "Horizontal Landing", "abbrev": "HL", "description": "Horizontal landing on a runway or flat surface." } }, "docking_events": [] } }, "mission": { "id": 731, "name": "STS-52", "description": "STS-52 was a Space Transportation System (NASA Space Shuttle) mission using orbiter Columbia, and was launched on 22 October 1992.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 4, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/4/?format=api", "agency_id": 44, "name": "Launch Complex 39B", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39#Launch_Pad_39B", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.62711233,-80.62101503", "latitude": "28.62711233", "longitude": "-80.62101503", "location": { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/27/?format=api", "name": "Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "The John F. 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