Astronaut Instance
API endpoint that allows Astronaut to be viewed.
GET: Return a list of all the existing astronauts.
MODE: Normal, List, LaunchList and Detailed /2.2.0/astronaut/?mode=detailed
FILTERS: Parameters - 'name', 'status', 'nationality', 'agency__name', 'agency__abbrev', 'date_of_birth', 'date_of_death', 'status_ids', 'is_human', 'type__id', 'has_flown', 'in_space' Example - /2.2.0/astronaut/?nationality=American
SEARCH EXAMPLE: /2.2.0/astronaut/?search=armstrong Searches through name, nationality and agency name
ORDERING: Fields - 'name', 'status', 'date_of_birth' Example - /2.2.0/astronaut/?order=name
GET /2.2.0/astronaut/566/?format=api
{ "id": 566, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/566/?format=api", "name": "Scott D. Tingle", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P168DT5H17M59S", "eva_time": "PT7H24M", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "age": 59, "date_of_birth": "1965-07-19", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/Astro_Maker", "instagram": "https://www.instagram.com/astro_maker/", "bio": "Scott David Tingle is a NASA astronaut. He was selected in June 2009 as a member of the NASA Astronaut Group 20, qualifying in 2011. Serving as a flight engineer as part of Expedition 54 and 55, Tingle launched into space on board Soyuz MS-07 in December 2017, and returned in June 2018. Tingle is a highly decorated naval pilot, having flown 51 types of aircraft over more than 4,500 flight hours, landed 750 aircraft with carrier arrestments, and fought in 54 combat missions.", "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/scott2520d.2520tingle_image_20181203172527.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190440.jpeg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_D._Tingle", "flights": [ { "id": "3a5e79d9-67b1-4503-8fb1-8b89608ed845", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/3a5e79d9-67b1-4503-8fb1-8b89608ed845/?format=api", "slug": "soyuz-fg-soyuz-ms-07", "name": "Soyuz-FG | Soyuz MS-07", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T08:53:55Z", "net": "2017-12-17T07:21:01Z", "window_end": "2017-12-17T07:21:01Z", "window_start": "2017-12-17T07:21:01Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 2055, "configuration": { "id": 34, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/34/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz", "family": "", "full_name": "Soyuz FG", "variant": "FG" } }, "mission": { "id": 402, "name": "Soyuz MS-07", "description": "Soyuz MS-07 begins expedition 54 by carrying NASA astronaut Scott Tingle, JAXA astronaut Norishige Kanai and Roscosmos cosmonaut Aleksander Skvortsov to the International Space Station. After launching from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, they will rendezvous to the station where they will remain for their 6 month stay.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Human Exploration", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 32, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/32/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "1/5", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.92,63.342", "latitude": "45.92", "longitude": "63.342", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1554, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_32_20200803143513.jpg", "total_launch_count": 487, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 487 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_image_20190717035537.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 8, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/8/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz", "description": "The Soyuz programme is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. It was the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok and Voskhod programmes.", "agencies": [ { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_program_20201129185543.png", "start_date": "1966-11-28T11:02:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_programme", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } }, { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/17/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "description": "The International Space Station programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the sixteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilization, and responsibilities for crew rotation and resupply of the International Space Station. It was conceived in 1984 by President Ronald Reagan, during the Space Station Freedom project as it was originally called.", "agencies": [ { "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/16/?format=api", "name": "Canadian Space Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "type": "Multinational" }, { "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2_program_20201129184745.png", "start_date": "1998-11-20T06:40:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5701, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1485, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 479, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 270, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 86, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 12, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 5, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 9, "type": "normal" } ], "landings": [ { "id": 574, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/574/?format=api", "destination": "International Space Station", "mission_end": null, "spacecraft": { "id": 290, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/290/?format=api", "name": "Starliner 2", "serial_number": "2", "is_placeholder": false, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P5DT23H54M13S", "time_docked": "P4DT18H8M", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "description": "The second CST-100 Starliner capsule to fly.", "spacecraft_config": { "id": 9, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/spacecraft/9/?format=api", "name": "CST-100 Starliner", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Capsule" }, "agency": { "id": 80, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/80/?format=api", "name": "Boeing", "type": "Commercial" }, "in_use": true, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/boeing_starline_image_20220525180700.jpeg" } }, "launch": { "id": "07e945c1-2ec6-4d29-a500-1afbe920440f", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/07e945c1-2ec6-4d29-a500-1afbe920440f/?format=api", "slug": "atlas-v-n22-starliner-1", "name": "Atlas V N22 | Starliner-1", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "To Be Determined", "abbrev": "TBD", "description": "Current date is a placeholder or rough estimation based on unreliable or interpreted sources." }, "last_updated": "2024-10-15T18:25:50Z", "net": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_end": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_start": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 14, "name": "Year", "abbrev": "Y", "description": "The T-0 is expected in the given year." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 124, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/124/?format=api", "name": "United Launch Alliance", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 2710, "configuration": { "id": 166, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/166/?format=api", "name": "Atlas V N22", "family": "Atlas", "full_name": "Atlas V N22", "variant": "V N22" } }, "mission": { "id": 1113, "name": "Starliner-1", "description": "Starliner-1 is the first crewed operational flight of a Starliner spacecraft to the International Space Station as part of NASA's Commercial Crew Program.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Human Exploration", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 29, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/29/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Space Launch Complex 41", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_41", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.58341025,-80.58303644", "latitude": "28.58341025", "longitude": "-80.58303644", "location": { "id": 12, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/12/?format=api", "name": "Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_12_20200803142519.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 1013, "total_landing_count": 62 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_29_20200803143528.jpg", "total_launch_count": 114, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 114 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/atlas_v_n22_image_20210813082339.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/17/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "description": "The International Space Station programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the sixteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilization, and responsibilities for crew rotation and resupply of the International Space Station. It was conceived in 1984 by President Ronald Reagan, during the Space Station Freedom project as it was originally called.", "agencies": [ { "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/16/?format=api", "name": "Canadian Space Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "type": "Multinational" }, { "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2_program_20201129184745.png", "start_date": "1998-11-20T06:40:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } }, { "id": 5, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/5/?format=api", "name": "Commercial Crew Program", "description": "The Commercial Crew Program (CCP) is a human spaceflight program operated by NASA, in association with American aerospace manufacturers Boeing and SpaceX. The program conducts rotations between the expeditions of the International Space Station program, transporting crews to and from the International Space Station (ISS) aboard Boeing Starliner and SpaceX Crew Dragon capsules, in the first crewed orbital spaceflights operated by private companies.", "agencies": [ { "id": 80, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/80/?format=api", "name": "Boeing", "type": "Commercial" }, { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/commercial2520_program_20200820201209.png", "start_date": "2011-04-18T00:00:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/commercial/crew/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7096, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1071, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 139, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 192, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 247, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 77, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 25, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 28, "type": "normal" }, "landing": { "id": 1049, "attempt": true, "success": null, "description": "The Starliner spacecraft will land at White Sands Missile Range.", "downrange_distance": null, "location": { "id": 20, "name": "White Sands Missile Range", "abbrev": "WSMR", "description": "US Army testing area and firing range located in the US state of New Mexico.", "location": { "id": 155, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/155/?format=api", "name": "White Sands Missile Range", "country_code": "USA", "description": "White Sands Missile Range is a United States Army military testing area and firing range located in the US state of New Mexico. The range was originally established in 1941 as the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range, where the Trinity test site lay at the northern end of the Range, in Socorro County near the towns of Carrizozo and San Antonio. It then became the White Sands Proving Ground on 9 July 1945.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_white_sands_missile_range_20210901072636.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Denver", "total_launch_count": 5, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "successful_landings": 5 }, "type": { "id": 4, "name": "Parachute Landing", "abbrev": "PCL", "description": "Unpowered landing using parachute(s)." } } }, { "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/37/?format=api", "destination": "International Space Station", "mission_end": "2018-06-03T12:39:00Z", "spacecraft": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/44/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz MS-07", "serial_number": "Soyuz MS 11F732A48 #737", "is_placeholder": false, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P168DT5H17M59S", "time_docked": "P166DT37M", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "Soyuz MS-07 is a Soyuz spacecraft launched on 17 December 2017 07:21 UTC. It transported three members of the Expedition 54 crew to the International Space Station. The crew consisted of Anton Shkaplerov, Scott D. Tingle, and Norishige Kanai.", "spacecraft_config": { "id": 38, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/spacecraft/38/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz MS", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Capsule" }, "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, "in_use": true, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_ms_in_orb_image_20240313130407.jpeg" } }, "launch": { "id": "3a5e79d9-67b1-4503-8fb1-8b89608ed845", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/3a5e79d9-67b1-4503-8fb1-8b89608ed845/?format=api", "slug": "soyuz-fg-soyuz-ms-07", "name": "Soyuz-FG | Soyuz MS-07", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T08:53:55Z", "net": "2017-12-17T07:21:01Z", "window_end": "2017-12-17T07:21:01Z", "window_start": "2017-12-17T07:21:01Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 2055, "configuration": { "id": 34, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/34/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz", "family": "", "full_name": "Soyuz FG", "variant": "FG" } }, "mission": { "id": 402, "name": "Soyuz MS-07", "description": "Soyuz MS-07 begins expedition 54 by carrying NASA astronaut Scott Tingle, JAXA astronaut Norishige Kanai and Roscosmos cosmonaut Aleksander Skvortsov to the International Space Station. After launching from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, they will rendezvous to the station where they will remain for their 6 month stay.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Human Exploration", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 32, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/32/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "1/5", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.92,63.342", "latitude": "45.92", "longitude": "63.342", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1554, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_32_20200803143513.jpg", "total_launch_count": 487, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 487 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_image_20190717035537.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/17/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "description": "The International Space Station programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the sixteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilization, and responsibilities for crew rotation and resupply of the International Space Station. It was conceived in 1984 by President Ronald Reagan, during the Space Station Freedom project as it was originally called.", "agencies": [ { "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/16/?format=api", "name": "Canadian Space Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "type": "Multinational" }, { "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2_program_20201129184745.png", "start_date": "1998-11-20T06:40:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } }, { "id": 8, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/8/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz", "description": "The Soyuz programme is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. 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