Launch Instance
API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/<id>/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET:
Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS:
Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp_id', 'lsp_name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id',
'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name'
MODE:
'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE: ?mode=list
SEARCH:
Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.0.0/launch/9afee84c-25a8-445b-960b-1e587cfa0221/?format=api
{ "id": "9afee84c-25a8-445b-960b-1e587cfa0221", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/launch/9afee84c-25a8-445b-960b-1e587cfa0221/?format=api", "launch_library_id": 181, "slug": "space-shuttle-challenger-ov-099-sts-51-b", "name": "Space Shuttle Challenger / OV-099 | STS-51-B", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Success" }, "net": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "window_end": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "window_start": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "inhold": false, "tbdtime": false, "tbddate": false, "probability": -1, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 192, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/192/?format=api", "name": "Lockheed Space Operations Company", "featured": false, "type": "Commercial", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "LSOC", "description": null, "administrator": null, "founding_year": null, "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 65, "consecutive_successful_launches": 49, "successful_launches": 64, "failed_launches": 1, "pending_launches": 0, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "info_url": "", "wiki_url": "", "logo_url": null, "image_url": null, "nation_url": null }, "rocket": { "id": 305, "configuration": { "id": 493, "launch_library_id": null, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/config/launcher/493/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle", "description": "The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS). Five complete Space Shuttle orbiter vehicles were built and flown on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011.", "family": "", "full_name": "Space Shuttle", "manufacturer": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Bill Nelson", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 135, "consecutive_successful_launches": 11, "successful_launches": 115, "failed_launches": 20, "pending_launches": 6, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "info_url": "http://www.nasa.gov", "wiki_url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration", "logo_url": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png", "image_url": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "nation_url": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_nation_20230803040809.jpg" }, "program": [ { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/program/6/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle", "description": "The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011.", "agencies": [ { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/space2520shutt_program_20200820202237.png", "start_date": "1981-04-12T12:00:03Z", "end_date": "2011-07-08T15:29:00Z", "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" } ], "variant": "", "alias": "", "min_stage": 2, "max_stage": 2, "length": 56.1, "diameter": 8.0, "maiden_flight": "1981-04-12", "launch_mass": 2030, "leo_capacity": 27500, "gto_capacity": null, "to_thrust": 28200, "apogee": null, "vehicle_range": null, "image_url": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/space_shuttle_image_20230422074810.jpeg", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle", "total_launch_count": 135, "consecutive_successful_launches": 22, "successful_launches": 133, "failed_launches": 2, "pending_launches": 0 }, "launcher_stage": [], "spacecraft_stage": { "id": 60, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/spacecraft/flight/60/?format=api", "mission_end": "1985-05-06T16:11:00Z", "destination": "Low Earth Orbit", "launch_crew": [ { "id": 1261, "role": "Commander", "astronaut": { "id": 330, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/330/?format=api", "name": "Robert F. Overmyer", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1936-07-14", "date_of_death": "1996-03-22", "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Robert Franklyn \"Bob\" Overmyer was an American test pilot, naval aviator, aeronautical engineer, physicist, United States Marine Corps officer, and USAF/NASA astronaut. He was born in Lorain, Ohio, but considered Westlake, Ohio his hometown. Overmyer was selected by the United States Air Force as an astronaut for its Manned Orbiting Laboratory in 1966. Upon cancellation of this program in 1969, he became a NASA astronaut and served support crew duties for the Skylab program and Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. In 1976, he was assigned to the Space Shuttle program, and flew as pilot on STS-5 in 1982, and as commander on STS-51-B in 1985. He was selected as a lead investigator into the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, and retired from NASA in 1986. Ten years later, Overmyer died in Duluth, Minnesota while testing the Cirrus VK-30 composite homebuilt aircraft.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/robert2520f.2520overmyer_image_20181202093931.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Overmyer", "last_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "first_flight": "1982-11-11T12:19:00Z" } }, { "id": 1262, "role": "Pilot", "astronaut": { "id": 338, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/338/?format=api", "name": "Frederick D. Gregory", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1941-01-07", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Frederick Drew Gregory is a former United States Air Force pilot, military engineer, test pilot, and NASA astronaut as well as former NASA Deputy Administrator. He also served briefly as NASA Acting Administrator in early 2005, covering the period between the departure of Sean O'Keefe and the swearing in of Michael Griffin.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/frederick2520d.2520gregory_image_20181202102806.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_D._Gregory", "last_flight": "1991-11-24T23:44:00Z", "first_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z" } }, { "id": 1263, "role": "Mission Specialist", "astronaut": { "id": 309, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/309/?format=api", "name": "Don L. Lind", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1930-05-18", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Don Leslie Lind, Ph.D. is an American scientist and a former naval officer and aviator, and NASA astronaut. He graduated from the University of Utah with an undergraduate degree in physics in 1953. Following his military service obligation, he earned a Ph.D. in high-energy nuclear physics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1964.\r\n\r\nLind was a naval aviator and attained the rank of Commander in the United States Naval Reserve. He had active duty in San Diego and aboard the carrier USS Hancock.\r\n\r\nAfter completing his doctorate, Lind worked at NASA's Goddard Research Center from 1964 to 1966. During this period, he applied for the third group of astronauts but did not have enough flight hours. He applied for the fourth group, but was denied for being too old. The age restriction was raised for the fifth group, and he was selected with the Original Nineteen in 1966. Lind helped to develop the Apollo 11 EVA activities, and served as CAPCOM for the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. He was then assigned as backup Pilot for Skylab 3 and Skylab 4 and nearly flew on the proposed Skylab Rescue mission.\r\n\r\nLind was the Payload Commander on his only flight, STS-51-B, launched April 29, 1985. He designed an experiment to capture the Earth's aurora. The payload experiments consisted primarily of microgravity research and atmospheric measurement. The Orbiter Challenger completed 110 orbits before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/don2520l.2520lind_image_20181202091446.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_L._Lind", "last_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "first_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z" } }, { "id": 1264, "role": "Payload Specialist", "astronaut": { "id": 592, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/592/?format=api", "name": "Lodewijk van den Berg", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1932-03-24", "date_of_death": "2022-10-16", "nationality": "American Dutch", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Lodewijk van den Berg born March 24, 1932) was a Dutch American chemical engineer, specializing in crystal growth, who flew on a 1985 Space Shuttle Challenger mission as a Payload Specialist.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/lodewijk2520van2520den2520berg_image_20181207224421.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodewijk_van_den_Berg", "last_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "first_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z" } }, { "id": 4856, "role": "Payload Specialist", "astronaut": { "id": 784, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/784/?format=api", "name": "Taylor Gun-Jin Wang", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1940-06-16", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Taylor Gun-Jin Wang is a Chinese-born American scientist and in 1985, became the first person of Chinese origin to go into space. While an employee of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Wang was a payload specialist on the Space Shuttle Challenger mission STS-51-B.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/taylor_gun-jin__image_20240124051845.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Wang", "last_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "first_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z" } }, { "id": 1154, "role": "Mission Specialist", "astronaut": { "id": 318, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/318/?format=api", "name": "William E. Thornton", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1929-04-14", "date_of_death": "2020-01-14", "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "William Edgar Thornton is a former NASA astronaut.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/william2520e.2520thornton_image_20181202092500.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Thornton", "last_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "first_flight": "1983-08-30T06:32:00Z" } }, { "id": 1139, "role": "Mission Specialist", "astronaut": { "id": 586, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/586/?format=api", "name": "Norman E. Thagard", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1943-07-03", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Norman Earl Thagard (born July 3, 1943), (Capt, USMC, Ret.), is an American scientist and former U.S. Marine Corps officer and naval aviator and NASA astronaut. He is the first American to ride to space on board a Russian vehicle, and can be considered the first American cosmonaut. He did on this on March 14, 1995, in the Soyuz TM-21 spacecraft for the Russian Mir-18 mission.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/norman2520e.2520thagard_image_20181207215117.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Thagard", "last_flight": "1995-03-14T06:11:34Z", "first_flight": "1983-06-18T11:33:00Z" } } ], "onboard_crew": [], "landing_crew": [ { "id": 154, "role": "Commander", "astronaut": { "id": 330, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/330/?format=api", "name": "Robert F. Overmyer", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1936-07-14", "date_of_death": "1996-03-22", "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Robert Franklyn \"Bob\" Overmyer was an American test pilot, naval aviator, aeronautical engineer, physicist, United States Marine Corps officer, and USAF/NASA astronaut. He was born in Lorain, Ohio, but considered Westlake, Ohio his hometown. Overmyer was selected by the United States Air Force as an astronaut for its Manned Orbiting Laboratory in 1966. Upon cancellation of this program in 1969, he became a NASA astronaut and served support crew duties for the Skylab program and Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. In 1976, he was assigned to the Space Shuttle program, and flew as pilot on STS-5 in 1982, and as commander on STS-51-B in 1985. He was selected as a lead investigator into the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, and retired from NASA in 1986. Ten years later, Overmyer died in Duluth, Minnesota while testing the Cirrus VK-30 composite homebuilt aircraft.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/robert2520f.2520overmyer_image_20181202093931.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Overmyer", "last_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "first_flight": "1982-11-11T12:19:00Z" } }, { "id": 155, "role": "Pilot", "astronaut": { "id": 338, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/338/?format=api", "name": "Frederick D. Gregory", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1941-01-07", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Frederick Drew Gregory is a former United States Air Force pilot, military engineer, test pilot, and NASA astronaut as well as former NASA Deputy Administrator. He also served briefly as NASA Acting Administrator in early 2005, covering the period between the departure of Sean O'Keefe and the swearing in of Michael Griffin.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/frederick2520d.2520gregory_image_20181202102806.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_D._Gregory", "last_flight": "1991-11-24T23:44:00Z", "first_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z" } }, { "id": 156, "role": "Mission Specialist", "astronaut": { "id": 309, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/309/?format=api", "name": "Don L. Lind", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1930-05-18", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Don Leslie Lind, Ph.D. is an American scientist and a former naval officer and aviator, and NASA astronaut. He graduated from the University of Utah with an undergraduate degree in physics in 1953. Following his military service obligation, he earned a Ph.D. in high-energy nuclear physics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1964.\r\n\r\nLind was a naval aviator and attained the rank of Commander in the United States Naval Reserve. He had active duty in San Diego and aboard the carrier USS Hancock.\r\n\r\nAfter completing his doctorate, Lind worked at NASA's Goddard Research Center from 1964 to 1966. During this period, he applied for the third group of astronauts but did not have enough flight hours. He applied for the fourth group, but was denied for being too old. The age restriction was raised for the fifth group, and he was selected with the Original Nineteen in 1966. Lind helped to develop the Apollo 11 EVA activities, and served as CAPCOM for the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. He was then assigned as backup Pilot for Skylab 3 and Skylab 4 and nearly flew on the proposed Skylab Rescue mission.\r\n\r\nLind was the Payload Commander on his only flight, STS-51-B, launched April 29, 1985. He designed an experiment to capture the Earth's aurora. The payload experiments consisted primarily of microgravity research and atmospheric measurement. The Orbiter Challenger completed 110 orbits before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/don2520l.2520lind_image_20181202091446.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_L._Lind", "last_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "first_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z" } }, { "id": 157, "role": "Payload Specialist", "astronaut": { "id": 592, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/592/?format=api", "name": "Lodewijk van den Berg", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1932-03-24", "date_of_death": "2022-10-16", "nationality": "American Dutch", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Lodewijk van den Berg born March 24, 1932) was a Dutch American chemical engineer, specializing in crystal growth, who flew on a 1985 Space Shuttle Challenger mission as a Payload Specialist.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/lodewijk2520van2520den2520berg_image_20181207224421.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodewijk_van_den_Berg", "last_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "first_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z" } }, { "id": 4855, "role": "Payload Specialist", "astronaut": { "id": 784, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/784/?format=api", "name": "Taylor Gun-Jin Wang", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1940-06-16", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Taylor Gun-Jin Wang is a Chinese-born American scientist and in 1985, became the first person of Chinese origin to go into space. While an employee of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Wang was a payload specialist on the Space Shuttle Challenger mission STS-51-B.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/taylor_gun-jin__image_20240124051845.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Wang", "last_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "first_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z" } }, { "id": 116, "role": "Mission Specialist", "astronaut": { "id": 318, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/318/?format=api", "name": "William E. Thornton", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1929-04-14", "date_of_death": "2020-01-14", "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "William Edgar Thornton is a former NASA astronaut.", "profile_image": "https://spacelaunchnow-prod-east.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/william2520e.2520thornton_image_20181202092500.jpg", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Thornton", "last_flight": "1985-04-29T16:02:18Z", "first_flight": "1983-08-30T06:32:00Z" } }, { "id": 1135, "role": "Mission Specialist", "astronaut": { "id": 586, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/astronaut/586/?format=api", "name": "Norman E. Thagard", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.0.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "date_of_birth": "1943-07-03", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "bio": "Norman Earl Thagard (born July 3, 1943), (Capt, USMC, Ret.), is an American scientist and former U.S. Marine Corps officer and naval aviator and NASA astronaut. He is the first American to ride to space on board a Russian vehicle, and can be considered the first American cosmonaut. 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