Spacewalk List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed
Example - /spacewalks/?mode=list
Filters
Parameters - astronaut__ids, day, end, end__gt, end__gte, end__lt, end__lte, event__ids, id, ids, launch__ids, month, name, name__contains, owner__ids, program__ids, program__name, program__name__contains, spacestation__ids, start__gt, start__gte, start__lt, start__lte, year
Example - /spacewalks/?program__name=Apollo
Search
Fields searched - crew__astronaut__name, location, name, program__name
Example - /spacewalks/?search=Hubble
Ordering
Fields - duration, end, id, name, start
Example - /spacewalks/?ordering=-duration
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /spacewalks/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /spacewalks/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - ll.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/spacewalks/?format=api&offset=380&ordering=duration
{ "count": 484, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacewalks/?format=api&limit=10&offset=390&ordering=duration", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacewalks/?format=api&limit=10&offset=370&ordering=duration", "results": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 443, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacewalks/443/?format=api", "name": "Expedition 68 EVA 3", "start": "2022-12-03T12:16:00Z", "end": "2022-12-03T19:21:00Z", "duration": "PT7H5M", "location": "International Space Station", "crew": [ { "id": 4654, "role": { "id": 33, "role": "EV1", "priority": 0 }, "astronaut": { "id": 570, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/570/?format=api", "name": "Josh A. Cassada", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 490, "name": "[AUTO] Josh A. Cassada - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/josh2520a.2520cassada_image_20181203173238.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190005.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "list", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P157DT10H1M3S", "eva_time": "PT21H24M", "age": 51, "date_of_birth": "1973-07-18", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Josh Aaron Cassada is an American physicist, test pilot, and NASA astronaut. Prior to his selection to join NASA in 2013, Cassada served as a test pilot in the US Navy, and has over 3,500 hours in more than 40 aircraft, and 23 combat missions. In August 2018, Cassada was selected for CTS-1, the first operational mission of the Boeing CST-100 Starliner. In 2021 he was reassigned to a SpaceX Crew-5 flight aboard Crew Dragon spacecraft due to lengthy delays with Starliner program.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_A._Cassada", "last_flight": "2022-10-05T16:00:57Z", "first_flight": "2022-10-05T16:00:57Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 27, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/astro_josh" }, { "id": 28, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/astro_cassada" } ] } }, { "id": 4655, "role": { "id": 34, "role": "EV2", "priority": 1 }, "astronaut": { "id": 581, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/581/?format=api", "name": "Francisco Rubio", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 456, "name": "[AUTO] Francisco Rubio - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/francisco2520rubio_image_20200110161546.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185911.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "list", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P370DT21H22M11S", "eva_time": "PT21H24M", "age": 48, "date_of_birth": "1976-12-11", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Francisco Carlos Rubio is a US Army helicopter pilot, flight surgeon, and NASA astronaut of the class of 2017.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Rubio_(astronaut)", "last_flight": "2022-09-21T13:54:49Z", "first_flight": "2022-09-21T13:54:49Z", "social_media_links": [] } } ], "spacestation": { "id": 4, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/space_stations/4/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "image": { "id": 1952, "name": "ISS as seen from Shuttle Atlantis (STS-132)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2520space2520station_image_20190220215716.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194230.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] } }, "expedition": { "id": 150, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/expeditions/150/?format=api", "name": "Expedition 68", "start": "2022-09-28T13:35:00Z", "end": "2023-03-28T09:57:27Z" }, "spacecraft_flight": null, "event": { "id": 580, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/events/580/?format=api", "name": "US EVA-82", "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [ { "priority": 10, "source": "www.youtube.com", "publisher": null, "title": "Spacewalk with NASA Astronauts Josh Cassada and Frank Rubio", "description": "NASA astronauts Josh Cassada and Frank Rubio are conducting a spacewalk on Saturday, Dec. 3, to install an International Space Station Roll-Out Solar Array (...", "feature_image": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/zvxenTNLjWE/maxresdefault.jpg", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvxenTNLjWE", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Official Webcast" }, "language": { "id": 1, "name": "English", "code": "en" }, "start_time": null, "end_time": null, "live": false } ], "image": { "id": 1240, "name": "US EVA Astronaut outside the ISS", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/us2520eva-52_image_20190318200748.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305192124.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] }, "date": "2022-12-03T12:25:00Z" }, "program": [ { "response_mode": "list", "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/programs/17/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "image": { "id": 1874, "name": "[AUTO] International Space Station - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2_program_20201129184745.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194014.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" } ] }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 438, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacewalks/438/?format=api", "name": "Expedition 67 EVA 3", "start": "2022-07-21T14:50:00Z", "end": "2022-07-21T21:55:00Z", "duration": "PT7H5M", "location": "International Space Station", "crew": [ { "id": 4644, "role": { "id": 33, "role": "EV1", "priority": 0 }, "astronaut": { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/17/?format=api", "name": "Oleg Artemyev", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 931, "name": "[AUTO] Oleg Artemyev - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/oleg_artemyev_image_20220316173454.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191149.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "list", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P560DT18H7M55S", "eva_time": "P2DT5H31M", "age": 54, "date_of_birth": "1970-12-28", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" } ], "bio": "Oleg Germanovich Artemyev (Russian: Олег Германович Артемьев) is a Russian Cosmonaut for the Russian Federal Space Agency. He was selected as part of the RKKE-15 Cosmonaut group in 2003. He was a Flight engineer of Expedition 39 and 40 to the International Space Station, and in 2018 he returned to space as the Commander of Soyuz MS-08.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_Artemyev", "last_flight": "2022-03-18T15:55:19Z", "first_flight": "2014-03-25T21:17:23Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 186, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/OlegMKS" }, { "id": 187, "social_media": { "id": 2, "name": "Instagram", "url": "https://instagram.com", "logo": { "id": 2322, "name": "Instagram logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_20250211191139.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/instagram_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191139.png", "credit": "Instagram", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://www.instagram.com/olegmks/" } ] } }, { "id": 4645, "role": { "id": 34, "role": "EV2", "priority": 1 }, "astronaut": { "id": 90, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/90/?format=api", "name": "Samantha Cristoforetti", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "abbrev": "ESA", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Multinational" } }, "image": { "id": 223, "name": "[AUTO] Samantha Cristoforetti - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/samantha_cristo_image_20210207102548.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185246.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "list", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P370DT5H44M54S", "eva_time": "PT7H5M", "age": 48, "date_of_birth": "1977-04-26", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 3, "name": "Italy", "alpha_2_code": "IT", "alpha_3_code": "ITA", "nationality_name": "Italian", "nationality_name_composed": "Italo" } ], "bio": "Samantha Cristoforetti (born 26 April 1977 in Milan) is an Italian European Space Agency astronaut, Italian Air Force pilot and engineer. She holds the record for the longest uninterrupted spaceflight of a European astronaut (199 days, 16 hours), and until June 2017 held the record for the longest single space flight by a woman until this was broken by Peggy Whitson. She is also the first Italian woman in space. Samantha Cristoforetti is also known as the first person who brewed an espresso in space.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha_Cristoforetti", "last_flight": "2022-04-27T07:52:55Z", "first_flight": "2014-11-23T21:01:14Z", "social_media_links": [ { "id": 183, "social_media": { "id": 1, "name": "X", "url": "https://x.com", "logo": { "id": 2320, "name": "X logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg", "credit": "X", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "url": "https://twitter.com/astrosamantha" } ] } } ], "spacestation": { "id": 4, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/space_stations/4/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "image": { "id": 1952, "name": "ISS as seen from Shuttle Atlantis (STS-132)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2520space2520station_image_20190220215716.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194230.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] } }, "expedition": { "id": 147, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/expeditions/147/?format=api", "name": "Expedition 67", "start": "2022-03-30T07:21:00Z", "end": "2022-09-28T13:35:00Z" }, "spacecraft_flight": null, "event": { "id": 342, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/events/342/?format=api", "name": "Russian EVA-ESA", "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [], "image": { "id": 1095, "name": "Russian EVA", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian_eva-46_image_20201113081602.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191623.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] }, "date": "2022-07-21T13:30:00Z" }, "program": [ { "response_mode": "list", "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/programs/17/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "image": { "id": 1874, "name": "[AUTO] International Space Station - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2_program_20201129184745.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194014.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" } ] }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 458, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacewalks/458/?format=api", "name": "Shenzhou 15 EVA 1", "start": "2023-02-09T09:10:00Z", "end": "2023-02-09T16:16:00Z", "duration": "PT7H6M", "location": "Tiangong Space Station", "crew": [ { "id": 4684, "role": { "id": 33, "role": "EV1", "priority": 0 }, "astronaut": { "id": 103, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/103/?format=api", "name": "Fei Junlong", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/17/?format=api", "name": "China National Space Administration", "abbrev": "CNSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 757, "name": "[AUTO] Fei Junlong - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/fei_junlong_image_20221128080229.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190713.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "list", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P191DT2H57M40S", "eva_time": "P1DT1H6M", "age": 59, "date_of_birth": "1965-05-05", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 6, "name": "China", "alpha_2_code": "CN", "alpha_3_code": "CHN", "nationality_name": "Chinese", "nationality_name_composed": "Sino" } ], "bio": "Major general Fei Junlong (simplified Chinese: 费俊龙; traditional Chinese: 費俊龍; pinyin: Fèi Jùnlóng; born 1965) is a Chinese military pilot and an astronaut. He flew on the second manned spaceflight of the Shenzhou program.\r\n\r\nFèi was selected for the CNSA astronaut program in 1998. He was in the final five selected for the Shenzhou 5 flight. He was the commander on the Shenzhou 6 flight that launched October 12, 2005, with Niè Hǎishèng serving as flight engineer). They landed on October 17, 2005.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fei_Junlong", "last_flight": "2022-11-29T15:08:17Z", "first_flight": "2005-10-12T01:00:03Z", "social_media_links": [] } }, { "id": 4685, "role": { "id": 34, "role": "EV2", "priority": 1 }, "astronaut": { "id": 752, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/752/?format=api", "name": "Zhang Lu", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/17/?format=api", "name": "China National Space Administration", "abbrev": "CNSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 431, "name": "[AUTO] Zhang Lu - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/zhang_lu_image_20221128075933.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185832.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "list", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P186DT7H24M43S", "eva_time": "P1DT1H6M", "age": 48, "date_of_birth": "1976-11-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 6, "name": "China", "alpha_2_code": "CN", "alpha_3_code": "CHN", "nationality_name": "Chinese", "nationality_name_composed": "Sino" } ], "bio": "Zhang Lu is a Chinese pilot selected in 2010 to be an astronaut.", "wiki": null, "last_flight": "2022-11-29T15:08:17Z", "first_flight": "2022-11-29T15:08:17Z", "social_media_links": [] } } ], "spacestation": { "id": 18, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/space_stations/18/?format=api", "name": "Tiangong space station", "image": { "id": 1941, "name": "[AUTO] Tiangong space station - 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image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/stephen_bowen_image_20220911034047.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190106.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "list", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P226DT8H45M57S", "eva_time": "P2DT18H57M", "age": 61, "date_of_birth": "1964-02-13", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Stephen Gerard Bowen is a United States Navy submariner and a NASA astronaut; he was the second submariner to travel into space. 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