Spacewalk List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed
Example - /spacewalks/?mode=list
Filters
Parameters - astronaut__ids, day, end, end__gt, end__gte, end__lt, end__lte, event__ids, id, ids, launch__ids, month, name, name__contains, owner__ids, program__ids, program__name, program__name__contains, spacestation__ids, start__gt, start__gte, start__lt, start__lte, year
Example - /spacewalks/?program__name=Apollo
Search
Fields searched - crew__astronaut__name, location, name, program__name
Example - /spacewalks/?search=Hubble
Ordering
Fields - duration, end, id, name, start
Example - /spacewalks/?ordering=-duration
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /spacewalks/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /spacewalks/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - ll.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/spacewalks/?format=api&offset=330&ordering=name
{ "count": 485, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacewalks/?format=api&limit=10&offset=340&ordering=name", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacewalks/?format=api&limit=10&offset=320&ordering=name", "results": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 200, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacewalks/200/?format=api", "name": "STS-104 EVA 2", "start": "2001-07-18T03:04:00Z", "end": "2001-07-18T09:33:00Z", "duration": "PT6H29M", "location": "International Space Station", "crew": [ { "id": 4168, "role": { "id": 33, "role": "EV1", "priority": 0 }, "astronaut": { "id": 448, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/448/?format=api", "name": "Michael L. Gernhardt", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 433, "name": "[AUTO] Michael L. Gernhardt - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/michael2520l.2520gernhardt_image_20181202144655.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185835.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "list", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P43DT7H27S", "eva_time": "PT23H16M", "age": 68, "date_of_birth": "1956-05-04", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Michael Landon Gernhardt is a NASA astronaut and manager of Environmental Physiology Laboratory and principal investigator of the Prebreathe Reduction Program (PRP) at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_L._Gernhardt", "last_flight": "2001-07-12T09:03:59Z", "first_flight": "1995-09-07T15:09:00Z", "social_media_links": [] } }, { "id": 4169, "role": { "id": 34, "role": "EV2", "priority": 1 }, "astronaut": { "id": 482, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/482/?format=api", "name": "James F. Reilly", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "image": { "id": 217, "name": "[AUTO] James F. Reilly - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/james2520f.2520reilly_image_20181202152929.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185237.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "list", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P35DT10H32M42S", "eva_time": "P1DT6H43M", "age": 71, "date_of_birth": "1954-03-18", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "James Francis Reilly II is an American geologist and a former NASA astronaut. He flew on three space shuttle missions: STS-89, STS-104 and STS-117.", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_F._Reilly", "last_flight": "2007-06-08T23:38:04Z", "first_flight": "1998-01-23T02:48:15Z", "social_media_links": [] } } ], "spacestation": { "id": 4, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/space_stations/4/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "image": { "id": 1952, "name": "ISS as seen from Shuttle Atlantis (STS-132)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2520space2520station_image_20190220215716.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194230.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] } }, "expedition": null, "spacecraft_flight": { "id": 150, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_flights/150/?format=api", "destination": "International Space Station", "mission_end": "2001-07-25T03:38:00Z", "spacecraft": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 39, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/39/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle Atlantis", "serial_number": "OV-104", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1963, "name": "Atlantis at KSC", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/atlantis_at_ksc_image_20240309150724.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/atlantis_at_ksc_image_thumbnail_20240309150725.jpeg", "credit": "Mack Male from Edmonton, AB, Canada", "license": { "id": 18, "name": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "priority": 3, "link": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P307DT12H43M25S", "time_docked": "P124DT2H45M9S", "flights_count": 33, "mission_ends_count": 33, "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "description": "Space Shuttle Atlantis (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV‑104) is a Space Shuttle orbiter vehicle belonging to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the spaceflight and space exploration agency of the United States. Constructed by the Rockwell International company in Southern California and delivered to the Kennedy Space Center in Eastern Florida in April 1985, Atlantis is the fourth operational and the second-to-last Space Shuttle built. Its maiden flight was STS-51-J from 3 to 7 October 1985. Atlantis embarked on its 33rd and final mission, also the final mission of a space shuttle, STS-135, on 8 July 2011. STS-134 by Endeavour was expected to be the final flight before STS-135 was authorized in October 2010. STS-135 took advantage of the processing for the STS-335 Launch On Need mission that would have been necessary if STS-134's crew became stranded in orbit. Atlantis landed for the final time at the Kennedy Space Center on 21 July 2011. By the end of its final mission, Atlantis had orbited the Earth a total of 4,848 times, traveling nearly 126,000,000 mi (203,000,000 km) or more than 525 times the distance from the Earth to the Moon.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 14, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/14/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Spaceplane" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "family": [], "in_use": false, "image": { "id": 1934, "name": "[AUTO] Space Shuttle - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/space2520shuttle_image_20190207032524.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194159.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": "P50DT7H29M" }, "launch": { "id": "d26731bd-be8a-4db9-b1c0-ce3df6041fbf", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/d26731bd-be8a-4db9-b1c0-ce3df6041fbf/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle Atlantis / OV-104 | STS-104", "response_mode": "normal", "slug": "space-shuttle-atlantis-ov-104-sts-104", "launch_designator": "2001-028", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-06-13T18:15:45Z", "net": "2001-07-12T09:03:59Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "window_end": "2001-07-12T09:03:59Z", "window_start": "2001-07-12T09:03:59Z", "image": { "id": 1840, "name": "[AUTO] Space Shuttle - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/space_shuttle_image_20230422074810.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305193916.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "infographic": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 191, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/191/?format=api", "name": "United Space Alliance", "abbrev": "USA", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "rocket": { "id": 470, "configuration": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 493, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launcher_configurations/493/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle", "families": [], "full_name": "Space Shuttle", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 862, "name": "STS-104", "type": "Human Exploration", "description": "STS-104 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Atlantis. Its primary objectives were to install the Quest Joint Airlock and help perform maintenance on the International Space Station. It was successful and returned to Earth without incident, after a successful docking, equipment installation and three spacewalks.", "image": null, "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1, "name": "Earth" } }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 4, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/4/?format=api", "active": true, "agencies": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" }, "featured": true, "country": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Acting Administrator: James Free", "founding_year": 1958, "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image": { "id": 19, "name": "[AUTO] National Aeronautics and Space Administration - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305184631.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "logo": { "id": 161, "name": "[AUTO] National Aeronautics and Space Administration - logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185043.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "social_logo": { "id": 76, "name": "[AUTO] National Aeronautics and Space Administration - social_logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_nation_20230803040809.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305184823.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } } ], "name": "Launch Complex 39B", "image": null, "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39#Launch_Pad_39B", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.62711233,-80.62101503", "latitude": 28.62711233, "longitude": -80.62101503, "country": { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_4_20200803143518.jpg", "total_launch_count": 58, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 57, "fastest_turnaround": "P28DT11H55M4S", "location": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/27/?format=api", "name": "Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7147, "successful_launches": 6604, "failed_launches": 543, "total_attempted_landings": 1101, "successful_landings": 1058, "failed_landings": 43 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" }, "description": "The John F. Kennedy Space Center, located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of NASA's ten field centers. Since 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of American spaceflight, research, and technology. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS).", "image": { "id": 2200, "name": "Cape Canaveral & KSC seen from orbit (STS-43)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/cape_canaveral__image_20240918151615.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/cape_canaveral__image_thumbnail_20240918151616.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_27_20200803142447.jpg", "longitude": -80.650833, "latitude": 28.524167, "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 263, "total_landing_count": 0 } }, "webcast_live": false, "program": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/programs/17/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "image": { "id": 1874, "name": "[AUTO] International Space Station - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2_program_20201129184745.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194014.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme", "description": "The International Space Station programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the sixteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilization, and responsibilities for crew rotation and resupply of the International Space Station. It was conceived in 1984 by President Ronald Reagan, during the Space Station Freedom project as it was originally called.", "agencies": [ { "response_mode": "list", "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/16/?format=api", "name": "Canadian Space Agency", "abbrev": "CSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, { "response_mode": "list", "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "abbrev": "ESA", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Multinational" } }, { "response_mode": "list", "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "abbrev": "JAXA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } } ], "start_date": "1998-11-20T06:40:00Z", "end_date": null, "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/programs/6/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle", "image": { "id": 1886, "name": "[AUTO] Space Shuttle - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/space2520shutt_program_20200820202237.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194036.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program", "description": "The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011.", "agencies": [ { "response_mode": "list", "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "abbrev": "NASA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } } ], "start_date": "1981-04-12T12:00:03Z", "end_date": "2011-07-08T15:29:00Z", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 4480, "location_launch_attempt_count": 122, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 49, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 21, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 28, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 4 }, "landing": { "id": 912, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/landings/912/?format=api", "attempt": true, "success": true, "description": "Space Shuttle Atlantis successfully landed at the Shuttle Landing Facility after this mission.", "downrange_distance": null, "landing_location": { "id": 24, "name": "Shuttle Landing Facility", "active": true, "abbrev": "KTTS", "description": "Airport used for Space Shuttle landings, part of the Kennedy Space Center.", "location": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/27/?format=api", "name": "Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA", "active": true, "country": { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" }, "description": "The John F. 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image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ed2520lu_image_20181202152640.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190326.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "response_mode": "list", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P205DT23H15M33S", "eva_time": "PT6H15M", "age": 61, "date_of_birth": "1963-07-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "bio": "Edward Tsang \"Ed\" Lu (simplified Chinese: 卢杰; traditional Chinese: 盧傑; pinyin: Lú Jié) is an American physicist and former NASA astronaut. 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