Spacecraft List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - normal, detailed
Example - /spacecraft/?mode=detailed
Filters
Parameters - in_space, is_placeholder, name, spacecraft_config, status
Example - /spacecraft/?is_placeholder=True
Search
Fields searched - name, spacecraft_config__name
Example - /spacecraft/?search=Endeavour
Ordering
Fields - flights_count, id, mission_ends_count, time_docked, time_in_space
Example - /spacecraft/?ordering=-flights_count
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /spacecraft/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /spacecraft/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - ll.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/spacecraft/?format=api&offset=90&ordering=time_docked
{ "count": 592, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/?format=api&limit=10&offset=100&ordering=time_docked", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/?format=api&limit=10&offset=80&ordering=time_docked", "results": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 511, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/511/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz 7K-L1 No.12", "serial_number": "Soyuz 7K-L1 #12", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1927, "name": "[AUTO] Soyuz - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_image_20201015191152.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194147.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P6DT18H58M29S", "time_docked": "P0D", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "The Soyuz 7K-L1 \"Zond\" spacecraft was designed to launch men from the Earth to circle the Moon without going into lunar orbit in the context of the Soviet crewed Moon-flyby program in the Moon race. It was based on the Soyuz 7K-OK.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/1/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Capsule" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "family": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Soyuz", "description": "Soyuz is a series of spacecraft which has been in service since the 1960s, having made more than 140 flights. It was designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolev Design Bureau (now Energia).", "manufacturer": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1000, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/1000/?format=api", "name": "Energia", "abbrev": "OKB-1", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "parent": null, "maiden_flight": "1966-11-28" } ], "in_use": false, "image": { "id": 1927, "name": "[AUTO] Soyuz - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_image_20201015191152.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194147.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 472, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/472/?format=api", "name": "VSS Enterprise", "serial_number": "N339SS", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 2148, "name": "SpaceShip Two mated to the Mother ship White Knight Two", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spaceship_two_m_image_20240812142700.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spaceship_two_m_image_thumbnail_20240812142701.jpeg", "credit": "Steve Jurvetson", "license": { "id": 28, "name": "CC BY 2.0", "priority": 6, "link": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT12H", "time_docked": "P0D", "flights_count": 37, "mission_ends_count": 37, "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Destroyed" }, "description": "VSS Enterprise was the first SpaceShipTwo (SS2) spaceplane, built by Scaled Composites for Virgin Galactic. As of 2004, it was planned to be the first of five commercial suborbital SS2 spacecraft planned by Virgin Galactic. Enterprise was destroyed during a powered test flight on 31 October 2014, killing one pilot, Michael Alsbury, and seriously injuring another, Peter Siebold. An investigation revealed the accident was caused by premature deployment of the \"feathering\" system, the ship's descent device; the NTSB also faulted the spacecraft's design for lacking fail-safe mechanisms that could have deterred or prevented early deployment.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/27/?format=api", "name": "SpaceShipTwo", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Spaceplane" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1024, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/1024/?format=api", "name": "Virgin Galactic", "abbrev": "VG", "type": { "id": 5, "name": "Private" } }, "family": [], "in_use": true, "image": { "id": 1933, "name": "[AUTO] SpaceShipTwo - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spaceshiptwo_image_20210522133744.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194156.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": "P1D" }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 605, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/605/?format=api", "name": "Ship 33", "serial_number": "S33", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1935, "name": "[AUTO] Starship - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/starship_image_20231116184708.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194201.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT8M26S", "time_docked": "P0D", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Destroyed" }, "description": "Ship 33 (S33) was the 2nd stage vehicle used for the seventh Starship flight test. It was also the first \"Block 2\" Starship spacecraft with lengthened propellant tanks and new designed forward flaps, among other enhancements. It was lost before SECO during ascent.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 26, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/26/?format=api", "name": "Starship", "type": { "id": 6, "name": "Reuseable Upper Stage" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "abbrev": "SpX", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "family": [], "in_use": true, "image": { "id": 1935, "name": "[AUTO] Starship - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/starship_image_20231116184708.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194201.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 503, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/503/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz 7K-L1 No.2", "serial_number": "Soyuz 7K-L1 #2", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1927, "name": "[AUTO] Soyuz - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_image_20201015191152.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194147.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P7DT12H29M27S", "time_docked": "P0D", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "The Soyuz 7K-L1 \"Zond\" spacecraft was designed to launch men from the Earth to circle the Moon without going into lunar orbit in the context of the Soviet crewed Moon-flyby program in the Moon race. It was based on the Soyuz 7K-OK.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/1/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Capsule" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "family": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Soyuz", "description": "Soyuz is a series of spacecraft which has been in service since the 1960s, having made more than 140 flights. It was designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolev Design Bureau (now Energia).", "manufacturer": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1000, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/1000/?format=api", "name": "Energia", "abbrev": "OKB-1", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "parent": null, "maiden_flight": "1966-11-28" } ], "in_use": false, "image": { "id": 1927, "name": "[AUTO] Soyuz - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_image_20201015191152.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194147.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 424, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/424/?format=api", "name": "Shenzhou 7", "serial_number": "7", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1926, "name": "[AUTO] Shenzhou - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/shenzhou_image_20190207032522.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194145.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P2DT20H26M56S", "time_docked": "P0D", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "The Shenzhou spacecraft carrying the three crew members was launched 25 September 2008, by a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket which lifted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 21:10 CST. The mission lasted three days, after which the craft landed safely in Siziwang Banner in central Inner Mongolia on 28 September 2008, at 17:37 CST. The Shenzhou 7 EVA made the Chinese space program the third to have conducted an EVA.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 2, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/2/?format=api", "name": "Shenzhou", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Capsule" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/17/?format=api", "name": "China National Space Administration", "abbrev": "CNSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "family": [], "in_use": true, "image": { "id": 1926, "name": "[AUTO] Shenzhou - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/shenzhou_image_20190207032522.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194145.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 517, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/517/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1", "serial_number": "Soyuz 7K-L1E", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1927, "name": "[AUTO] Soyuz - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_image_20201015191152.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194147.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT15M", "time_docked": "P0D", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Destroyed" }, "description": "The Soyuz 7K-L1 \"Zond\" spacecraft was designed to launch men from the Earth to circle the Moon without going into lunar orbit in the context of the Soviet crewed Moon-flyby program in the Moon race. It was based on the Soyuz 7K-OK.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/1/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Capsule" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "family": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Soyuz", "description": "Soyuz is a series of spacecraft which has been in service since the 1960s, having made more than 140 flights. It was designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolev Design Bureau (now Energia).", "manufacturer": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1000, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/1000/?format=api", "name": "Energia", "abbrev": "OKB-1", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "parent": null, "maiden_flight": "1966-11-28" } ], "in_use": false, "image": { "id": 1927, "name": "[AUTO] Soyuz - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_image_20201015191152.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194147.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 208, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/208/?format=api", "name": "Voskhod-3KD No.4", "serial_number": "Voskhod-3KD No.4", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1938, "name": "[AUTO] Voskhod - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/voskhod_image_20190207032525.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194205.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P1DT2H2M17S", "time_docked": "P0D", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "Voskhod 2 was a Voskhod spacecraft which launched on 18 March 1965 07:00 UTC. It was the second manned flight of the Voskhod program. It launched two cosmonauts for craft testing and science purposes. The crew was Pavel Belyayev and Alexey Leonov.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/16/?format=api", "name": "Voskhod", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Capsule" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "family": [], "in_use": false, "image": { "id": 1938, "name": "[AUTO] Voskhod - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/voskhod_image_20190207032525.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194205.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 470, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/470/?format=api", "name": "Ship 20", "serial_number": "S20", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1935, "name": "[AUTO] Starship - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/starship_image_20231116184708.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194201.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P0D", "time_docked": "P0D", "flights_count": 0, "mission_ends_count": 0, "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "description": "Used for ground testing alongside Booster 4. Ship 20 is now on display at the Starbase Rocket Garden.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 26, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/26/?format=api", "name": "Starship", "type": { "id": 6, "name": "Reuseable Upper Stage" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "abbrev": "SpX", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Commercial" } }, "family": [], "in_use": true, "image": { "id": 1935, "name": "[AUTO] Starship - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/starship_image_20231116184708.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194201.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 185, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/185/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz 22", "serial_number": "Soyuz 7K-TM 11F615A12 #74", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1927, "name": "[AUTO] Soyuz - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_image_20201015191152.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194147.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P7DT21H52M17S", "time_docked": "P0D", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "Soyuz 22 was a Soyuz spacecraft which launched on 15 September 1976 09:48 UTC. It launched two cosmonauts to orbit around the Earth for Earth-Sciences. The crew was Valery Bykovsky and Vladimir Aksyonov.", "spacecraft_config": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft_configurations/1/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Capsule" }, "agency": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "abbrev": "RFSA", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "family": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Soyuz", "description": "Soyuz is a series of spacecraft which has been in service since the 1960s, having made more than 140 flights. It was designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolev Design Bureau (now Energia).", "manufacturer": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1000, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/1000/?format=api", "name": "Energia", "abbrev": "OKB-1", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "parent": null, "maiden_flight": "1966-11-28" } ], "in_use": false, "image": { "id": 1927, "name": "[AUTO] Soyuz - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_image_20201015191152.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194147.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } }, "fastest_turnaround": null }, { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 507, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/spacecraft/507/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz 7K-L1 No.6", "serial_number": "Soyuz 7K-L1 #6", "is_placeholder": false, "image": { "id": 1927, "name": "[AUTO] Soyuz - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_image_20201015191152.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194147.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P4DT5H30M37S", "time_docked": "P0D", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "The Soyuz 7K-L1 \"Zond\" spacecraft was designed to launch men from the Earth to circle the Moon without going into lunar orbit in the context of the Soviet crewed Moon-flyby program in the Moon race. 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