Previous Launch List
Modes
Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed
Example - /launches/previous/?mode=list
Filters
Parameters - agency_launch_attempt_count, agency_launch_attempt_count__gt, agency_launch_attempt_count__gte, agency_launch_attempt_count__lt, agency_launch_attempt_count__lte, agency_launch_attempt_count_year, agency_launch_attempt_count_year__gt, agency_launch_attempt_count_year__gte, agency_launch_attempt_count_year__lt, agency_launch_attempt_count_year__lte, day, id, include_suborbital, is_crewed, last_updated__gte, last_updated__lte, launch_designator, launcher_config__id, location__ids, location_launch_attempt_count, location_launch_attempt_count__gt, location_launch_attempt_count__gte, location_launch_attempt_count__lt, location_launch_attempt_count__lte, location_launch_attempt_count_year, location_launch_attempt_count_year__gt, location_launch_attempt_count_year__gte, location_launch_attempt_count_year__lt, location_launch_attempt_count_year__lte, lsp__id, lsp__name, mission__orbit__celestial_body__id, mission__orbit__name, mission__orbit__name__icontains, month, name, net__gt, net__gte, net__lt, net__lte, orbital_launch_attempt_count, orbital_launch_attempt_count__gt, orbital_launch_attempt_count__gte, orbital_launch_attempt_count__lt, orbital_launch_attempt_count__lte, orbital_launch_attempt_count_year, orbital_launch_attempt_count_year__gt, orbital_launch_attempt_count_year__gte, orbital_launch_attempt_count_year__lt, orbital_launch_attempt_count_year__lte, pad, pad__location, pad__location__celestial_body__id, pad_launch_attempt_count, pad_launch_attempt_count__gt, pad_launch_attempt_count__gte, pad_launch_attempt_count__lt, pad_launch_attempt_count__lte, pad_launch_attempt_count_year, pad_launch_attempt_count_year__gt, pad_launch_attempt_count_year__gte, pad_launch_attempt_count_year__lt, pad_launch_attempt_count_year__lte, program, related_lsp__id, related_lsp__name, rocket__configuration__full_name, rocket__configuration__full_name__icontains, rocket__configuration__id, rocket__configuration__manufacturer__name, rocket__configuration__manufacturer__name__icontains, rocket__configuration__name, rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__id, rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name, rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name__icontains, serial_number, slug, spacecraft_config__ids, status, status__ids, video_url, window_end__gt, window_end__gte, window_end__lt, window_end__lte, window_start__gt, window_start__gte, window_start__lt, window_start__lte, year
Example - /launches/previous/?pad__location=13
Search
Fields searched - launch_designator, launch_service_provider__name, mission__name, name, pad__location__name, pad__name, rocket__configuration__manufacturer__abbrev, rocket__configuration__manufacturer__name, rocket__configuration__name, rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name
Example - /launches/previous/?search=Starlink
Ordering
Fields - id, last_updated, name, net
Example - /launches/previous/?ordering=-last_updated
Number of results
Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)
Example - /launches/previous/?limit=2
Format
Switch to JSON output - /launches/previous/?format=json
Help
Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - ll.thespacedevs.com/docs
GET /2.3.0/launches/previous/?format=api&offset=6440&ordering=-id
{ "count": 7173, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/previous/?format=api&limit=10&offset=6450&ordering=-id", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/previous/?format=api&limit=10&offset=6430&ordering=-id", "results": [ { "id": "1b411bfa-86b8-4b88-8f01-6e97ca4b90d7", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/1b411bfa-86b8-4b88-8f01-6e97ca4b90d7/?format=api", "name": "Long March 7 | Tianzhou-8", "response_mode": "normal", "slug": "long-march-7-tianzhou-8", "launch_designator": "2024-211", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-11-16T01:45:46Z", "net": "2024-11-15T15:13:18Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "window_end": "2024-11-15T15:20:00Z", "window_start": "2024-11-15T15:03:00Z", "image": { "id": 1781, "name": "[AUTO] Long March 7 - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/long_march_7_image_20210513083007.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305193741.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "infographic": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 88, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/88/?format=api", "name": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation", "abbrev": "CASC", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "rocket": { "id": 8104, "configuration": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 100, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launcher_configurations/100/?format=api", "name": "Long March 7", "families": [ { "response_mode": "list", "id": 106, "name": "Long March" }, { "response_mode": "list", "id": 114, "name": "Long March 7" } ], "full_name": "Long March 7", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 6662, "name": "Tianzhou-8", "type": "Resupply", "description": "Seventh cargo delivery mission to the Chinese space station.", "image": null, "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1, "name": "Earth" } }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 176, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/176/?format=api", "active": true, "agencies": [], "name": "201", "image": { "id": 2019, "name": "CZ-8 liftoff from pad 201 (Queqiao-2)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/cz-8_liftoff_2_image_20240320175819.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/cz-8_liftoff_2_image_thumbnail_20240320175820.jpeg", "credit": "秦英健/Qin Yingjian", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] }, "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenchang_Spacecraft_Launch_Site", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=19.618452,110.955356", "latitude": 19.618452, "longitude": 110.955356, "country": { "id": 6, "name": "China", "alpha_2_code": "CN", "alpha_3_code": "CHN", "nationality_name": "Chinese", "nationality_name_composed": "Sino" }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_176_20200803143412.jpg", "total_launch_count": 22, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 22, "fastest_turnaround": "P46DT6H35M", "location": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 8, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/8/?format=api", "name": "Wenchang Space Launch Site, People's Republic of China", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7161, "successful_launches": 6618, "failed_launches": 543, "total_attempted_landings": 1110, "successful_landings": 1067, "failed_landings": 43 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 6, "name": "China", "alpha_2_code": "CN", "alpha_3_code": "CHN", "nationality_name": "Chinese", "nationality_name_composed": "Sino" }, "description": "The Wenchang Space Launch Site is a rocket launch site located in Wenchang on the island of Hainan, in China.\r\n\r\nFormally a suborbital test center, it currently serves as China's southernmost spaceport. The site was selected for its low latitude, 19° north of the equator, allowing for larger payloads to be launched. It is capable of launching the Long March 5, the heaviest Chinese rocket. Unlike launch facilities on the mainland, Wenchang uses its seaport for deliveries.", "image": { "id": 2019, "name": "CZ-8 liftoff from pad 201 (Queqiao-2)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/cz-8_liftoff_2_image_20240320175819.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/cz-8_liftoff_2_image_thumbnail_20240320175820.jpeg", "credit": "秦英健/Qin Yingjian", "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": false, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_8_20200803142445.jpg", "longitude": 110.951133, "latitude": 19.614492, "timezone_name": "Asia/Shanghai", "total_launch_count": 38, "total_landing_count": 0 } }, "webcast_live": false, "program": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 19, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/programs/19/?format=api", "name": "Tiangong space station", "image": { "id": 1893, "name": "[AUTO] Tiangong space station - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/chinese2520spa_program_20210608105528.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305194050.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiangong_space_station", "description": "The Tiangong space station is a space station placed in Low Earth orbit between 340 and 450 km above the surface.", "agencies": [ { "response_mode": "list", "id": 88, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/88/?format=api", "name": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation", "abbrev": "CASC", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } } ], "start_date": "2021-04-29T03:23:00Z", "end_date": null, "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6804, "location_launch_attempt_count": 32, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 20, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 493, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 215, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 7, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 5, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 41 }, { "id": "1b34c3e0-51fa-4ad9-9aa7-8a75a8cf6446", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/1b34c3e0-51fa-4ad9-9aa7-8a75a8cf6446/?format=api", "name": "SpaceShipTwo | VSS Unity GF02", "response_mode": "normal", "slug": "spaceshiptwo-vss-unity-gf02", "launch_designator": null, "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T08:58:12Z", "net": "2016-12-22T12:00:00Z", "net_precision": null, "window_end": "2016-12-22T12:00:00Z", "window_start": "2016-12-22T12:00:00Z", "image": { "id": 1839, "name": "[AUTO] SpaceShipTwo - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spaceshiptwo_image_20210522140909.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305193914.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "infographic": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1024, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/1024/?format=api", "name": "Virgin Galactic", "abbrev": "VG", "type": { "id": 5, "name": "Private" } }, "rocket": { "id": 2936, "configuration": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 465, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launcher_configurations/465/?format=api", "name": "SpaceShipTwo", "families": [], "full_name": "SpaceShipTwo", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 1353, "name": "VSS Unity GF02", "type": "Test Flight", "description": "Free glide test flight of VSS Unity.", "image": null, "orbit": { "id": 15, "name": "Suborbital", "abbrev": "Sub", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1, "name": "Earth" } }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 190, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/190/?format=api", "active": true, "agencies": [ { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1024, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/1024/?format=api", "name": "Virgin Galactic", "abbrev": "VG", "type": { "id": 5, "name": "Private" }, "featured": false, "country": [ { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" } ], "description": "Virgin Galactic is an American spaceflight company within the Virgin Group. It is developing commercial spacecraft and aims to provide suborbital spaceflights to space tourists. Virgin Galactic's suborbital spacecraft are air launched from beneath a carrier airplane known as White Knight Two.", "administrator": "Founder: Richard Branson", "founding_year": 2004, "launchers": "VMS Eve", "spacecraft": "VSS Enterprise | VSS Unity", "parent": null, "image": { "id": 32, "name": "[AUTO] Virgin Galactic - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/virgin_galactic_image_20210522131723.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305184711.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "logo": { "id": 196, "name": "[AUTO] Virgin Galactic - logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/virgin2520galactic_logo_20230509082346.png", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185159.png", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "social_logo": { "id": 101, "name": "[AUTO] Virgin Galactic - social_logo", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/virgin2520galactic_nation_20230617045127.jpg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305184858.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] } } ], "name": "Mojave Air and Space Port", "image": null, "description": null, "info_url": "https://www.mojaveairport.com/", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojave_Air_and_Space_Port", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=35.0594444,-118.1538607", "latitude": 35.0594444, "longitude": -118.1538607, "country": { "id": 2, "name": "United States of America", "alpha_2_code": "US", "alpha_3_code": "USA", "nationality_name": "American", "nationality_name_composed": "Americano" }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_190_20210522160913.jpg", "total_launch_count": 53, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 0, "fastest_turnaround": "P1D", "location": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 144, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/144/?format=api", "name": "Air launch to Suborbital flight", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7161, "successful_launches": 6618, "failed_launches": 543, "total_attempted_landings": 1110, "successful_landings": 1067, "failed_landings": 43 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 17, "name": "Unknown", "alpha_2_code": "??", "alpha_3_code": "???", "nationality_name": "Earthling", "nationality_name_composed": "Earthling" }, "description": "", "image": { "id": 32, "name": "[AUTO] Virgin Galactic - image", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/virgin_galactic_image_20210522131723.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305184711.jpeg", "credit": null, "license": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown", "priority": 9, "link": null }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_144_20200803142439.jpg", "longitude": null, "latitude": null, "timezone_name": "", "total_launch_count": 86, "total_landing_count": 0 } }, "webcast_live": false, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": null, "location_launch_attempt_count": 62, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 43, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 43, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 0, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 6 }, { "id": "1b3244cf-2385-40d5-a178-4ee5e84869d9", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launches/1b3244cf-2385-40d5-a178-4ee5e84869d9/?format=api", "name": "Kosmos-3M | Taifun-1B 7", "response_mode": "normal", "slug": "kosmos-3m-taifun-1b-7", "launch_designator": "1984-068", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:24:40Z", "net": "1984-06-28T13:10:00Z", "net_precision": null, "window_end": "1984-06-28T13:10:00Z", "window_start": "1984-06-28T13:10:00Z", "image": null, "infographic": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "abbrev": "CCCP", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Government" } }, "rocket": { "id": 5653, "configuration": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 102, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/launcher_configurations/102/?format=api", "name": "Kosmos-3M", "families": [ { "response_mode": "list", "id": 97, "name": "Kosmos" } ], "full_name": "Kosmos-3M (11K65M)", "variant": "-3M" } }, "mission": { "id": 4055, "name": "Taifun-1B 7", "type": "Test Target", "description": "Passive radar calibration satellite", "image": null, "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "list", "id": 1, "name": "Earth" } }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 137, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/pads/137/?format=api", "active": true, "agencies": [], "name": "107/1", "image": null, "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapustin_Yar", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=48.540716,46.296826", "latitude": 48.540716, "longitude": 46.296826, "country": { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" }, "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_137_20200803143332.jpg", "total_launch_count": 20, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 20, "fastest_turnaround": "P28DT21H50M", "location": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 30, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/locations/30/?format=api", "name": "Kapustin Yar, Russian Federation", "celestial_body": { "response_mode": "normal", "id": 1, "name": "Earth", "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Planet" }, "diameter": 12742000.0, "mass": 5.972168e+24, "gravity": 9.80655, "length_of_day": "1 00:00:00", "atmosphere": true, "image": { "id": 2040, "name": "Earth (Apollo 17)", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_20240402194304.jpeg", "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/earth_2528apol_image_thumbnail_20240402194305.jpeg", "credit": "NASA", "license": { "id": 4, "name": "NASA Image and Media Guidelines", "priority": 0, "link": "https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/" }, "single_use": true, "variants": [] }, "description": "Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth", "total_attempted_launches": 7161, "successful_launches": 6618, "failed_launches": 543, "total_attempted_landings": 1110, "successful_landings": 1067, "failed_landings": 43 }, "active": true, "country": { "id": 5, "name": "Russia", "alpha_2_code": "RU", "alpha_3_code": "RUS", "nationality_name": "Russian", "nationality_name_composed": "Russo" }, "description": "Kapustin Yar is a Russian military training area and a rocket launch complex in Astrakhan Oblast, about 100 km east of Volgograd. 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