{"count":853,"next":null,"previous":"https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=json&limit=10&offset=836&ordering=-landings_count","results":[{"id":164,"url":"https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/164/?format=json","name":"Pyotr Kolodin","status":{"id":11,"name":"Deceased"},"agency":{"response_mode":"list","id":63,"url":"https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=json","name":"Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)","abbrev":"RFSA","type":{"id":1,"name":"Government"}},"image":{"id":719,"name":"[AUTO] Pyotr Kolodin - image","image_url":"https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/pyotr2520kolodin_image_20181129232754.jpg","thumbnail_url":"https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190614.jpeg","credit":null,"license":{"id":1,"name":"Unknown","priority":9,"link":null},"single_use":true,"variants":[]},"response_mode":"normal","type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"in_space":false,"time_in_space":"P0D","eva_time":"P0D","age":90,"date_of_birth":"1930-09-23","date_of_death":"2021-02-04","nationality":[{"id":12,"name":"Ukraine","alpha_2_code":"UA","alpha_3_code":"UKR","nationality_name":"Ukrainian","nationality_name_composed":"Ukro"}],"bio":"Pyotr Ivanovich Kolodin (Russian: Пётр Иванович Колодин; (born September 23, 1930) is a former Soviet cosmonaut. Although he retired in 1983 without flying in space, Kolodin served non-flying assignments on several spaceflights.","wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Kolodin","last_flight":null,"first_flight":null,"social_media_links":[],"flights_count":0,"landings_count":0,"spacewalks_count":0},{"id":54,"url":"https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/54/?format=json","name":"Curt Michel","status":{"id":11,"name":"Deceased"},"agency":{"response_mode":"list","id":44,"url":"https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=json","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","abbrev":"NASA","type":{"id":1,"name":"Government"}},"image":{"id":273,"name":"[AUTO] Curt Michel - image","image_url":"https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/curt2520michel_image_20181128151119.jpg","thumbnail_url":"https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185412.jpeg","credit":null,"license":{"id":1,"name":"Unknown","priority":9,"link":null},"single_use":true,"variants":[]},"response_mode":"normal","type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"in_space":false,"time_in_space":"P0D","eva_time":"P0D","age":80,"date_of_birth":"1934-06-05","date_of_death":"2015-02-26","nationality":[{"id":2,"name":"United States of America","alpha_2_code":"US","alpha_3_code":"USA","nationality_name":"American","nationality_name_composed":"Americano"}],"bio":"Frank Curtis \"Curt\" Michel, Ph.D. was an American astrophysicist; a professor of astrophysics at Rice University in Houston, Texas; a former United States Air Force pilot; and a NASA astronaut.","wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curt_Michel","last_flight":null,"first_flight":null,"social_media_links":[],"flights_count":0,"landings_count":0,"spacewalks_count":0},{"id":750,"url":"https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/750/?format=json","name":"Raphaël Liégeois","status":{"id":3,"name":"In-Training"},"agency":{"response_mode":"list","id":27,"url":"https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/27/?format=json","name":"European Space Agency","abbrev":"ESA","type":{"id":2,"name":"Multinational"}},"image":{"id":708,"name":"[AUTO] Raphaël Liégeois - image","image_url":"https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/rapha25c325ab_image_20221123151537.jpg","thumbnail_url":"https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190557.jpeg","credit":null,"license":{"id":1,"name":"Unknown","priority":9,"link":null},"single_use":true,"variants":[]},"response_mode":"normal","type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"in_space":false,"time_in_space":"P0D","eva_time":"P0D","age":null,"date_of_birth":null,"date_of_death":null,"nationality":[{"id":20,"name":"Belgium","alpha_2_code":"BE","alpha_3_code":"BEL","nationality_name":"Belgian","nationality_name_composed":"Belgo"}],"bio":"Raphaël studied biomedical engineering at the University of Liège, Belgium, from 2005 to 2011. He also became Ingénieur Centralien as part of a double degree exchange programme with the École Centrale Paris, France, in 2009 and earned a master’s degree in fundamental physics from the University Paris-Sud Orsay, France, in 2010.\r\nFrom 2011 to 2015, he completed a Doctorate in neuroscience at the University of Liège, Belgium, where he developed mathematical models of brain function. \r\nFrom 2015 to 2017, he completed a post-doctoral research stay at the National University of Singapore, where his research aimed at defining new neuroimaging markers of neurodegenerative diseases. From 2018 to 2021, Raphaël was a senior post-doctoral research fellow with the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland, where he developed dynamic models of brain function. During this time, Raphaël was also a visiting research scholar at Stanford University, USA, in 2019. \r\n\r\nFrom 2021, Raphaël has been working as a Research and Teaching Fellow at the University of Geneva and the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland, where he taught neuroengineering and statistics courses, and pursued research on brain dynamics in health and disease. His research was awarded with several prizes and honours and he was active as organiser of multiple international courses and events.","wiki":null,"last_flight":null,"first_flight":null,"social_media_links":[],"flights_count":0,"landings_count":0,"spacewalks_count":0},{"id":748,"url":"https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/748/?format=json","name":"Pablo Álvarez Fernández","status":{"id":3,"name":"In-Training"},"agency":{"response_mode":"list","id":27,"url":"https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/27/?format=json","name":"European Space Agency","abbrev":"ESA","type":{"id":2,"name":"Multinational"}},"image":{"id":259,"name":"[AUTO] Pablo Álvarez Fernández - image","image_url":"https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/pablo_25c3258_image_20221123151230.jpg","thumbnail_url":"https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185348.jpeg","credit":null,"license":{"id":1,"name":"Unknown","priority":9,"link":null},"single_use":true,"variants":[]},"response_mode":"normal","type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"in_space":false,"time_in_space":"P0D","eva_time":"P0D","age":null,"date_of_birth":null,"date_of_death":null,"nationality":[{"id":7,"name":"Spain","alpha_2_code":"ES","alpha_3_code":"ESP","nationality_name":"Spanish","nationality_name_composed":"Hispano"}],"bio":"Pablo holds a bachelor's degree in aeronautical engineering from the University of León (Universidad de León), Spain, and graduated with a master’s degree in aerospace engineering from the Warsaw University of Technology (Politechnika Warszawska) in 2011.\r\nAfter graduating university, Pablo was working as a structural engineer for several aircraft programmes, such as for Airbus and Safran in Spain, the UK and France between 2011 and 2017.\r\nFrom 2017 to 2020, while working as an ExoMars rover mechanical architect at Airbus Defence and Space in the UK, his responsibilities included the development of the radiosotope heater unit integration procedure in conjunction with Russian Space Agency ROSCOSMOS and ESA, as well as being a test director during the environmental test campaign.","wiki":null,"last_flight":null,"first_flight":null,"social_media_links":[],"flights_count":0,"landings_count":0,"spacewalks_count":0},{"id":81,"url":"https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/81/?format=json","name":"Valentin Bondarenko","status":{"id":5,"name":"Lost In Training"},"agency":{"response_mode":"list","id":63,"url":"https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=json","name":"Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)","abbrev":"RFSA","type":{"id":1,"name":"Government"}},"image":{"id":841,"name":"[AUTO] Valentin Bondarenko - image","image_url":"https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/valentin2520bondarenko_image_20181128223624.jpg","thumbnail_url":"https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190922.jpeg","credit":null,"license":{"id":1,"name":"Unknown","priority":9,"link":null},"single_use":true,"variants":[]},"response_mode":"normal","type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"in_space":false,"time_in_space":"P0D","eva_time":"P0D","age":24,"date_of_birth":"1937-02-16","date_of_death":"1961-03-23","nationality":[{"id":5,"name":"Russia","alpha_2_code":"RU","alpha_3_code":"RUS","nationality_name":"Russian","nationality_name_composed":"Russo"}],"bio":"Valentin Vasiliyevich Bondarenko (Ukrainian: Валентин Васильович Бондаренко, Russian: Валентин Васильевич Бондаренко; 16 February 1937 – 23 March 1961) was a Soviet fighter pilot selected in 1960 for training as a cosmonaut. He died as the result of burns sustained in a fire during a 15-day low-pressure endurance experiment in Moscow. The government concealed the death, along with Bondarenko's membership in the cosmonaut corps, until 1980. A crater on the Moon's far side is named after him.","wiki":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_Bondarenko","last_flight":null,"first_flight":null,"social_media_links":[],"flights_count":0,"landings_count":0,"spacewalks_count":0},{"id":48,"url":"https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/48/?format=json","name":"Clifton Williams","status":{"id":5,"name":"Lost In Training"},"agency":{"response_mode":"list","id":44,"url":"https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=json","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","abbrev":"NASA","type":{"id":1,"name":"Government"}},"image":{"id":680,"name":"[AUTO] Clifton Williams - image","image_url":"https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/clifton2520williams_image_20181128150353.jpg","thumbnail_url":"https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190504.jpeg","credit":null,"license":{"id":1,"name":"Unknown","priority":9,"link":null},"single_use":true,"variants":[]},"response_mode":"normal","type":{"id":2,"name":"Government"},"in_space":false,"time_in_space":"P0D","eva_time":"P0D","age":35,"date_of_birth":"1932-09-26","date_of_death":"1967-10-05","nationality":[{"id":2,"name":"United States of America","alpha_2_code":"US","alpha_3_code":"USA","nationality_name":"American","nationality_name_composed":"Americano"}],"bio":"Clifton Curtis \"C.C.\" Williams Jr. was an American naval aviator, test pilot, mechanical engineer, major in the United States Marine Corps, and NASA astronaut, who was killed in a plane crash; he had never been to space. The crash was caused by a mechanical failure in a NASA T-38 jet trainer, which he was piloting to visit his parents in Mobile, Alabama. The failure caused the flight controls to stop responding, and although he activated the ejection seat, it did not save him. He was the fourth astronaut from NASA's Astronaut Group 3 to have died, the first two (Charles Bassett and Theodore Freeman) having been killed in separate T-38 flights, and the third (Roger B. Chaffee) in the Apollo 1 fire earlier that year. The aircraft crashed in Florida near Tallahassee within an hour of departing Patrick AFB.\r\n\r\nAlthough he was never on a spaceflight, he served as backup pilot for the mission Gemini 10, which took place in July 1966. Following this mission, he was selected to be the Lunar Module pilot for an Apollo mission to the Moon commanded by Pete Conrad. 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She then completed a Master of Science in human factors engineering at MIT – Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston, USA, in 2004.\r\nIn 2005, Sophie joined the French Air Force for her basic military training and initial flying training to become a helicopter pilot.  \r\n\r\nIn 2018, she graduated with honours as a helicopter test pilot from the Empire Test Pilots’ School in Boscombe Down, UK. She was awarded the Mac Kenna trophy and the Patuxtent Shield.\r\nBetween 2019 and 2022, Sophie worked as a helicopter experimental test pilot in Cazaux Flight Test Center with DGA (Direction Générale de l’Armement – the French Defence Procurement Agency). She has logged 3000 hours and flew on 22 different helicopter types. 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