Modes

Levels of detail in the response - list, normal, detailed

Example - /astronauts/?mode=list

Filters

Parameters - age, age__gt, age__gte, age__lt, age__lte, agency_ids, date_of_birth, date_of_birth__gt, date_of_birth__gte, date_of_birth__lt, date_of_birth__lte, date_of_death, date_of_death__gt, date_of_death__gte, date_of_death__lt, date_of_death__lte, first_flight, first_flight__gt, first_flight__gte, first_flight__lt, first_flight__lte, flights_count, flights_count__gt, flights_count__gte, flights_count__lt, flights_count__lte, has_flown, in_space, is_human, landings_count, landings_count__gt, landings_count__gte, landings_count__lt, landings_count__lte, last_flight, last_flight__gt, last_flight__gte, last_flight__lt, last_flight__lte, nationality, status_ids, type__id

Example - /astronauts/?has_flown=true

Fields searched - agency__abbrev, agency__name, name, nationality__nationality_name

Example - /astronauts/?search=Pesquet

Ordering

Fields - age, date_of_birth, eva_time, flights_count, id, landings_count, last_flight, name, spacewalks_count, status, time_in_space

Example - /astronauts/?ordering=-time_in_space

Number of results

Use limit to control the number of objects in the response (max 100)

Example - /astronauts/?limit=2

Format

Switch to JSON output - /astronauts/?format=json

Help

Find all the FAQs and support links on the documentation homepage - ll.thespacedevs.com/docs

GET /2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&offset=190&ordering=-age
HTTP 200 OK
Allow: GET
Content-Type: application/json
Vary: Accept

{
    "count": 807,
    "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=200&ordering=-age",
    "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/?format=api&limit=10&offset=180&ordering=-age",
    "results": [
        {
            "id": 129,
            "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/129/?format=api",
            "name": "Henry 'Hank' Hartsfield",
            "status": {
                "id": 11,
                "name": "Deceased"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 284,
                "name": "[AUTO] Henry 'Hank' Hartsfield - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/henry25202527hank25272520hartsfield_image_20181129203753.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185432.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P20DT2H48M10S",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 80,
            "date_of_birth": "1933-11-21",
            "date_of_death": "2014-07-14",
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Henry Warren \"Hank\" Hartsfield Jr. was a United States Air Force officer and a USAF and NASA astronaut who logged over 480 hours in space. Hartsfield became a NASA astronaut in September 1969. Hartsfield was the pilot on STS-4, the fourth and final orbital test flight of the shuttle Columbia.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hartsfield",
            "last_flight": "1985-10-30T17:00:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1982-06-27T15:00:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 3,
            "landings_count": 3,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 2,
            "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/2/?format=api",
            "name": "Claude Nicollier",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 27,
                "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/27/?format=api",
                "name": "European Space Agency",
                "abbrev": "ESA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "Multinational"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 328,
                "name": "[AUTO] Claude Nicollier - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/claude2520nicollier_image_20181127203218.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185551.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P42DT12H3M12S",
            "eva_time": "PT8H10M",
            "age": 80,
            "date_of_birth": "1944-09-02",
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "name": "Switzerland",
                    "alpha_2_code": "CH",
                    "alpha_3_code": "CHE",
                    "nationality_name": "Swiss",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Swiss"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Claude Nicollier is the first astronaut from Switzerland. He has flown on four Space Shuttle missions. His first spaceflight (STS-46) was in 1992, and his final spaceflight (STS-103) was in 1999. He took part in two servicing missions to the Hubble Space Telescope (called STS-61 and STS-103). During his final spaceflight he participated in a spacewalk, becoming the first European Space Agency astronaut to do so during a Space Shuttle mission. In 2000 he was assigned to the Astronaut Office Extravehicular Activity Branch, while maintaining a position as Lead ESA Astronaut in Houston. Nicollier retired from ESA in April 2007.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Nicollier",
            "last_flight": "1999-12-20T00:50:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1992-07-31T13:56:48Z",
            "social_media_links": [
                {
                    "id": 196,
                    "social_media": {
                        "id": 1,
                        "name": "X",
                        "url": "https://x.com",
                        "logo": {
                            "id": 2320,
                            "name": "X logo",
                            "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_20250211191027.jpg",
                            "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x_logo_image_thumbnail_20250211191027.jpeg",
                            "credit": "X",
                            "license": {
                                "id": 1,
                                "name": "Unknown",
                                "priority": 9,
                                "link": null
                            },
                            "single_use": true,
                            "variants": []
                        }
                    },
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/Astroclaude"
                }
            ],
            "flights_count": 4,
            "landings_count": 4,
            "spacewalks_count": 1
        },
        {
            "id": 589,
            "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/589/?format=api",
            "name": "Paul Scully-Power",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 694,
                "name": "[AUTO] Paul Scully-Power - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/paul2520scully-power_image_20181207221854.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190525.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P8DT5H23M",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 80,
            "date_of_birth": "1944-05-28",
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                },
                {
                    "id": 34,
                    "name": "Australia",
                    "alpha_2_code": "AU",
                    "alpha_3_code": "AUS",
                    "nationality_name": "Australian",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Australo"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Paul Desmond Scully-Power, AM, FRAeS (born May 28, 1944) is an Australian-American oceanographer, technology expert and business executive. In 1984, while a civilian employee of the United States Naval Undersea Warfare Center, he flew aboard NASA Space Shuttle mission STS-41-G as a Payload Specialist. He was the first Australian-born person to journey into space, and the first astronaut with a beard.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Scully-Power",
            "last_flight": "1984-10-05T11:03:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1984-10-05T11:03:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 1,
            "landings_count": 1,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 362,
            "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/362/?format=api",
            "name": "James van Hoften",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 674,
                "name": "[AUTO] James van Hoften - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/james2520van2520hoften_image_20181202105528.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190455.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P14DT1H56M59S",
            "eva_time": "PT21H8M",
            "age": 80,
            "date_of_birth": "1944-06-11",
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "James Dougal Adrianus \"Ox\" van Hoften, Ph.D. is an American civil and hydraulic engineer, retired U.S. Navy officer and aviator, and a former astronaut for NASA.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_van_Hoften",
            "last_flight": "1985-08-27T10:58:01Z",
            "first_flight": "1984-04-06T13:58:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 2,
            "landings_count": 2,
            "spacewalks_count": 4
        },
        {
            "id": 323,
            "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/323/?format=api",
            "name": "Anthony Llewellyn",
            "status": {
                "id": 11,
                "name": "Deceased"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 659,
                "name": "[AUTO] Anthony Llewellyn - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/anthony2520llewellyn_image_20181202093051.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190432.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P0D",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 80,
            "date_of_birth": "1933-04-22",
            "date_of_death": "2013-07-02",
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "John Anthony Llewellyn was a Welsh-born American scientist and a former NASA astronaut.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Llewellyn",
            "last_flight": null,
            "first_flight": null,
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 0,
            "landings_count": 0,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 617,
            "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/617/?format=api",
            "name": "Gregory Olsen",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": null,
            "image": {
                "id": 314,
                "name": "[AUTO] Gregory Olsen - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/gregory_olsen_image_20201231130715.jpeg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185521.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 4,
                "name": "Non-Astronaut Passenger"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P9DT21H14M7S",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 80,
            "date_of_birth": "1945-04-20",
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Gregory Olsen (born April 20, 1945) is an American entrepreneur, engineer and scientist who, in October 2005, became the third private citizen to make a self-funded trip to the International Space Station with the company Space Adventures.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Olsen",
            "last_flight": "2005-10-01T03:54:53Z",
            "first_flight": "2005-10-01T03:54:53Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 1,
            "landings_count": 1,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 379,
            "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/379/?format=api",
            "name": "Sherwood C. Spring",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 934,
                "name": "[AUTO] Sherwood C. Spring - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/sherwood_c._spr_image_20220911034121.jpeg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191153.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P6DT21H4M",
            "eva_time": "PT12H13M",
            "age": 80,
            "date_of_birth": "1944-09-03",
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Sherwood Clark \"Woody\" Spring is a retired United States Army colonel and former NASA astronaut. Spring is married with two children. He is the father of United States Olympian Justin Spring. Sherwood Spring has logged 165 hours in space, 12 of which were spent conducting spacewalks. Spring has also accumulated 3,500 hours in 25 different military and civilian aircraft; over 1,500 of those hours were spent in jet aircraft.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherwood_C._Spring",
            "last_flight": "1985-11-27T00:29:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1985-11-27T00:29:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 1,
            "landings_count": 1,
            "spacewalks_count": 2
        },
        {
            "id": 54,
            "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/54/?format=api",
            "name": "Curt Michel",
            "status": {
                "id": 11,
                "name": "Deceased"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 44,
                "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/44/?format=api",
                "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abbrev": "NASA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 273,
                "name": "[AUTO] Curt Michel - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/curt2520michel_image_20181128151119.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185412.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P0D",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 80,
            "date_of_birth": "1934-06-05",
            "date_of_death": "2015-02-26",
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "United States of America",
                    "alpha_2_code": "US",
                    "alpha_3_code": "USA",
                    "nationality_name": "American",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Americano"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Frank Curtis \"Curt\" Michel, Ph.D. was an American astrophysicist; a professor of astrophysics at Rice University in Houston, Texas; a former United States Air Force pilot; and a NASA astronaut.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curt_Michel",
            "last_flight": null,
            "first_flight": null,
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 0,
            "landings_count": 0,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 75,
            "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/75/?format=api",
            "name": "Patrick Baudry",
            "status": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Retired"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 46,
                "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/46/?format=api",
                "name": "National Center of Space Research",
                "abbrev": "CNES",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 826,
                "name": "[AUTO] Patrick Baudry - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/patrick2520baudry_image_20181128222518.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190859.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P7DT1H38M",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 79,
            "date_of_birth": "1946-03-06",
            "date_of_death": null,
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "France",
                    "alpha_2_code": "FR",
                    "alpha_3_code": "FRA",
                    "nationality_name": "French",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Franco"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Patrick Pierre Roger Baudry (born March 6, 1946 in Cameroon), is a retired Lieutenant Colonel in the French Air Force and a former CNES astronaut. In 1985, he became the second French citizen in space, after Jean-Loup Chrétien, when he flew aboard NASA's Space Shuttle mission STS-51-G.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Baudry",
            "last_flight": "1985-06-17T11:33:00Z",
            "first_flight": "1985-06-17T11:33:00Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 1,
            "landings_count": 1,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 280,
            "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/astronauts/280/?format=api",
            "name": "Igor Volk",
            "status": {
                "id": 11,
                "name": "Deceased"
            },
            "agency": {
                "response_mode": "list",
                "id": 63,
                "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.3.0/agencies/63/?format=api",
                "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)",
                "abbrev": "RFSA",
                "type": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Government"
                }
            },
            "image": {
                "id": 796,
                "name": "[AUTO] Igor Volk - image",
                "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/igor2520volk_image_20181201224413.jpg",
                "thumbnail_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190811.jpeg",
                "credit": null,
                "license": {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "Unknown",
                    "priority": 9,
                    "link": null
                },
                "single_use": true,
                "variants": []
            },
            "response_mode": "normal",
            "type": {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "Government"
            },
            "in_space": false,
            "time_in_space": "P11DT19H14M36S",
            "eva_time": "P0D",
            "age": 79,
            "date_of_birth": "1937-04-12",
            "date_of_death": "2017-01-03",
            "nationality": [
                {
                    "id": 5,
                    "name": "Russia",
                    "alpha_2_code": "RU",
                    "alpha_3_code": "RUS",
                    "nationality_name": "Russian",
                    "nationality_name_composed": "Russo"
                }
            ],
            "bio": "Igor Petrovich Volk (Russian: Игорь Петрович Волк; Ukrainian: Ігор Петрович Волк; 12 April 1937 – 3 January 2017) was a cosmonaut and test pilot in the Soviet Union.\r\nIgor Volk was selected as a cosmonaut on 12 July 1977 and flew as Research Cosmonaut on Soyuz T-12, the 7th expedition to Salyut 7. One goal of the mission was to test the effects of long-duration spaceflight on Volk's return flight piloting as a precursor to piloting the Space Shuttle Buran. He served as the head of cosmonaut training for the Buran program and after the project's cancellation, as a Flight Tests Deputy at the Gromov Flight Research Institute in 1995 before retiring in 1996. He previously served as President of the National Aero Club of Russia and Vice President of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. As recognition for his contributions as a test pilot and cosmonaut he was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union on 29 July 1984.",
            "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Volk",
            "last_flight": "1984-07-17T17:40:54Z",
            "first_flight": "1984-07-17T17:40:54Z",
            "social_media_links": [],
            "flights_count": 1,
            "landings_count": 1,
            "spacewalks_count": 0
        }
    ]
}