Spaceflight Flight List
API endpoint that allows a flight of a specific Spacecraft instances to be viewed.
GET: Return a list of all the existing Spacecraft flights.
FILTERS: Parameters - 'spacecraft' Example - /api/2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/?spacecraft=37
GET /2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/?format=api&offset=550
https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/?format=api&limit=10&offset=560", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/?format=api&limit=10&offset=540", "results": [ { "id": 791, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/791/?format=api", "destination": "Low Earth Orbit", "mission_end": "2017-05-07T11:47:00Z", "spacecraft": { "id": 559, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/559/?format=api", "name": "X-37B 2", "serial_number": "2", "is_placeholder": false, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P2400DT10H50M", "time_docked": "P0D", "flights_count": 4, "mission_ends_count": 4, "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "description": "Second X-37B. First flight on March 5, 2011.", "spacecraft_config": { "id": 30, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/spacecraft/30/?format=api", "name": "X-37B", "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Spaceplane" }, "agency": { "id": 80, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/80/?format=api", "name": "Boeing", "type": "Commercial" }, "in_use": true, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x-37b_image_20221113134355.jpeg" } }, "launch": { "id": "d7e9249d-1e33-4fac-bec8-ac94c365f6e2", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/d7e9249d-1e33-4fac-bec8-ac94c365f6e2/?format=api", "slug": "atlas-v-501-otv-4-x-37b-usa-261-afspc-5-ultrasat-c", "name": "Atlas V 501 | OTV-4 (X-37B) (USA 261) (AFSPC-5) & ULTRASat cubesat deployer", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T17:42:26Z", "net": "2015-05-20T15:05:00Z", "window_end": "2015-05-20T17:00:00Z", "window_start": "2015-05-20T13:00:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 124, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/124/?format=api", "name": "United Launch Alliance", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 1845, "configuration": { "id": 4, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/4/?format=api", "name": "Atlas V 501", "family": "Atlas", "full_name": "Atlas V 501", "variant": "501" } }, "mission": { "id": 891, "name": "OTV-4 (X-37B) (USA 261) ( AFSPC-5) & ULTRASat cubesat deployer", "description": "It is the second flight of the second Boeing X-37B vehicle and the fourth flight of the program. United States Air Force Orbital Test Vehicle is an unmanned 5000 kg, 8.8 m-long reusable mini-spaceplane capable of autonomous re-entry and landing. The OTV-4 mission was to test Aerojet Rocketdyne's XR-5A Hall-effect thruster and conduct a NASA investigation for testing various materials in space. The mission concluded after 717 days in orbit, marking the first time X-37B landed on the Shuttle Landing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 29, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/29/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Space Launch Complex 41", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_41", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.58341025,-80.58303644", "latitude": "28.58341025", "longitude": "-80.58303644", "location": { "id": 12, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/12/?format=api", "name": "Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_12_20200803142519.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 1023, "total_landing_count": 64 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_29_20200803143528.jpg", "total_launch_count": 115, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 115 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/atlas2520v2520501_image_20190222030851.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5469, "location_launch_attempt_count": 728, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 71, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 97, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 27, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 9, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 5, "type": "normal" }, "landing": { "id": 1149, "attempt": true, "success": true, "description": "The X-37B spaceplane successfully landed after this flight.", "downrange_distance": null, "location": { "id": 24, "name": "Shuttle Landing Facility", "abbrev": "KTTS", "description": "Airport used for Space Shuttle landings, part of the Kennedy Space Center.", "location": { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/27/?format=api", "name": "Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "The John F. Kennedy Space Center, located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of NASA's ten field centers. Since 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of American spaceflight, research, and technology. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS).", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_27_20200803142447.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 265, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "successful_landings": 81 }, "type": { "id": 6, "name": "Horizontal Landing", "abbrev": "HL", "description": "Horizontal landing on a runway or flat surface." } } }, { "id": 274, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/274/?format=api", "destination": "Salyut 7", "mission_end": "1985-11-21T10:31:00Z", "spacecraft": { "id": 131, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/131/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz T-14", "serial_number": "Soyuz T 11F732 #20", "is_placeholder": false, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P64DT21H52M8S", "time_docked": "P63DT17H1M", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "Soyuz T-14 was a Soyuz spacecraft which launched on 17 September 1985 12:38 UTC. It transported two cosmonauts on EO-4-2 and one cosmonaut on EP-5 to Salyut 7. The EO-4-2 crew was Vladimir Vasyutin and Alexander Volkov. The EP-5 crew was Georgi Grechko.", "spacecraft_config": { "id": 42, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/spacecraft/42/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz T", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Capsule" }, "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, "in_use": false, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_t_image_20231228134543.png" } }, "launch": { "id": "d861c659-13a3-4311-82dc-df12572893dd", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/d861c659-13a3-4311-82dc-df12572893dd/?format=api", "slug": "soyuz-u2-soyuz-t-14", "name": "Soyuz-U2 | Soyuz T-14", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T08:44:04Z", "net": "1985-09-17T12:38:52Z", "window_end": "1985-09-17T12:38:52Z", "window_start": "1985-09-17T12:38:52Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 310, "configuration": { "id": 101, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/101/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz-U", "family": "", "full_name": "Soyuz-U2", "variant": "2" } }, "mission": { "id": 334, "name": "Soyuz T-14", "description": "Soyuz T-14 was the ninth mission to visit the Salyut 7 space station. The mission began on September 17, 1985, 12:38:52 UTC, launching Commander \tVladimir Vasyutin, Flight Engineer Georgi Grechko and Research Cosmonaut Alexander Volkov into orbit. They docked with the station next day. During their stay on the station, cosmonauts assisted resident Soyuz T-13 crew with numerous repairs on the station. They also conducted some scientific experiments. Georgi Grechko returned to Earth early with the Soyuz T-13 crew member.\nThe mission concluded with a safe landing back on Earth on November 21, 1985, 10:31:00 UTC.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Human Exploration", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 32, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/32/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "1/5", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.92,63.342", "latitude": "45.92", "longitude": "63.342", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1555, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_32_20200803143513.jpg", "total_launch_count": 487, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 487 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz-u_image_20191229074852.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 23, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/23/?format=api", "name": "Salyut", "description": "The Salyut programme was the first space station programme, undertaken by the Soviet Union. It involved a series of four crewed scientific research space stations and two crewed military reconnaissance space stations over a period of 15 years, from 1971 to 1986.", "agencies": [ { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/salyut_program_20230506090532.png", "start_date": "1971-04-19T01:40:00Z", "end_date": "1986-07-16T12:34:05Z", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_programme", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } }, { "id": 8, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/8/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz", "description": "The Soyuz programme is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. It was the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok and Voskhod programmes.", "agencies": [ { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_program_20201129185543.png", "start_date": "1966-11-28T11:02:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_programme", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 2988, "location_launch_attempt_count": 753, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 219, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 1922, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 84, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 26, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 7, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 66, "type": "normal" }, "landing": { "id": 825, "attempt": true, "success": true, "description": "The Soyuz spacecraft safely landed in Kazakhstan.", "downrange_distance": null, "location": { "id": 19, "name": "Kazakhstan", "abbrev": "KAZ", "description": "Deserts of Kazakhstan in Central Asia", "location": null, "successful_landings": 194 }, "type": { "id": 4, "name": "Parachute Landing", "abbrev": "PCL", "description": "Unpowered landing using parachute(s)." } } }, { "id": 441, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/441/?format=api", "destination": "Low Earth Orbit", "mission_end": "2003-10-15T22:22:48Z", "spacecraft": { "id": 422, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/422/?format=api", "name": "Shenzhou 5", "serial_number": "5", "is_placeholder": false, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT21H22M45S", "time_docked": "P0D", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "Shenzhou 5 was the first human spaceflight mission of the Chinese space program, launched on 15 October 2003. The Shenzhou spacecraft was launched on a Long March 2F launch vehicle.", "spacecraft_config": { "id": 2, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/spacecraft/2/?format=api", "name": "Shenzhou", "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Capsule" }, "agency": { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/17/?format=api", "name": "China National Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, "in_use": true, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/shenzhou_image_20190207032522.jpeg" } }, "launch": { "id": "cf21fd4a-1f43-4934-80a6-7850c6745630", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/cf21fd4a-1f43-4934-80a6-7850c6745630/?format=api", "slug": "long-march-2f-shenzhou-5", "name": "Long March 2F | Shenzhou-5", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T15:48:19Z", "net": "2003-10-15T01:00:03Z", "window_end": "2003-10-15T01:00:03Z", "window_start": "2003-10-15T01:00:03Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 88, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/88/?format=api", "name": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 499, "configuration": { "id": 79, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/79/?format=api", "name": "Long March 2F", "family": "Long March", "full_name": "Long March 2F", "variant": "F" } }, "mission": { "id": 280, "name": "Shenzhou-5", "description": "This is the first crewed mission for China's Shenzhou program. Launched in 15 October, it carried the only astronaut aborad, Yang Liwei, on an 21 hour flight. Shenzhou 5 completed 14 orbits, followed by a safe landing back on Earth on the evening of 15 October.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Human Exploration", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/37/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Launch Area 4 (SLS-1 / 921)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiuquan_Launch_Area_4", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=40.957893,100.290944", "latitude": "40.957893", "longitude": "100.290944", "location": { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/17/?format=api", "name": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, People's Republic of China", "country_code": "CHN", "description": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is a Chinese spaceport located between the Ejin, Alxa, Inner Mongolia and Hangtian Town, Jinta County, Jiuquan, Gansu Province. It is part of the Dongfeng Aerospace City (Base 10).", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_17_20200803142429.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Shanghai", "total_launch_count": 249, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "CHN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_37_20200803143603.jpg", "total_launch_count": 25, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 25 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/long_march_2_image_20210908195835.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 7, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/7/?format=api", "name": "Shenzhou", "description": "The Shenzhou program is a crewed spaceflight initiative by China. The program put the first Chinese citizen, Yang Liwei, into orbit on 15 October 2003.", "agencies": [ { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/17/?format=api", "name": "China National Space Administration", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/shenzhou_program_20200820204745.PNG", "start_date": "1993-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhou_program", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 4622, "location_launch_attempt_count": 33, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 5, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 16, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 46, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "type": "normal" }, "landing": { "id": 712, "attempt": true, "success": true, "description": "The Shenzhou 5 spacecraft landed in the Dorbnod Banner in Inner Mongolia, China.", "downrange_distance": null, "location": { "id": 21, "name": "Dorbod Banner", "abbrev": "DB", "description": "Dorbod Banner in Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, China, bordering Mongolia's Dornogovi Province to the northwest.", "location": null, "successful_landings": 10 }, "type": { "id": 4, "name": "Parachute Landing", "abbrev": "PCL", "description": "Unpowered landing using parachute(s)." } } }, { "id": 569, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/flight/569/?format=api", "destination": "Salyut 6", "mission_end": "1978-02-08T02:00:00Z", "spacecraft": { "id": 415, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/spacecraft/415/?format=api", "name": "Progress 1", "serial_number": "Progress 1 (No.102)", "is_placeholder": false, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P18DT17H35M20S", "time_docked": "P14DT19H41M46S", "flights_count": 1, "mission_ends_count": 1, "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Single Use" }, "description": "Progress 1 (Russian: Прогресс 1), was a Progress spacecraft used to resupply the space station Salyut 6.", "spacecraft_config": { "id": 8, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/spacecraft/8/?format=api", "name": "Progress 7K-TG", "type": { "id": 4, "name": "Cargo Resupply" }, "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, "in_use": false, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/progress_7k-tg_image_20231220085840.png" } }, "launch": { "id": "d87fa209-b97b-4836-8879-d775901a8e2b", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/d87fa209-b97b-4836-8879-d775901a8e2b/?format=api", "slug": "soyuz-u-progress-1", "name": "Soyuz U | Progress 1", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:41:04Z", "net": "1978-01-20T08:24:40Z", "window_end": "1978-01-20T08:24:40Z", "window_start": "1978-01-20T08:24:40Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": 0, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": "", "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 2231, "configuration": { "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/37/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz U", "family": "Soyuz", "full_name": "Soyuz U", "variant": "" } }, "mission": null, "pad": { "id": 20, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/20/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "31/6", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_31", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.996034,63.564003", "latitude": "45.996034", "longitude": "63.564003", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. 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