Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&ordering=name
{ "count": 7491, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=10&ordering=name", "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": "318df8ac-45a8-402b-a164-8bb7032601fd", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/318df8ac-45a8-402b-a164-8bb7032601fd/?format=api", "slug": "angara-12-3-x-rodnik-kosmos-2585-2586-2587", "name": "Angara 1.2 | 3 x Rodnik (Kosmos 2585, 2586, 2587)", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2025-04-17T04:17:18Z", "net": "2025-03-16T10:49:26Z", "window_end": "2025-03-16T11:30:00Z", "window_start": "2025-03-16T10:30:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 96, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/96/?format=api", "name": "Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 8551, "configuration": { "id": 136, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/136/?format=api", "name": "Angara 1.2", "family": "Angara", "full_name": "Angara 1.2", "variant": "1.2" } }, "mission": { "id": 7142, "name": "3 x Rodnik (Kosmos 2585, 2586, 2587)", "description": "Note: Payload identity and Cosmos series numbering not confirmed.\r\n\r\nThe Strela (Russian: Стрела) are Soviet, then Russian, military space telecommunication satellites, in use since 1964.\r\n\r\nThese satellites operate as mailboxes (\"store-and-forward\"): they remember the received messages and then resend them after the scheduled time, or by a command from the Earth. They can serve for up to five years. The satellites are used for transmission of encrypted messages and images.\r\n\r\nThe operational constellation consists of 12 satellites in two orbital planes, spaced 90° apart. The spacecraft had a cylindrical body with a gravity-gradient boom, which was extended on-orbit to provide passive attitude stabilization. On-board storage was 12 Mbits of data, with a transmission rate of 2.4 kbit/s.\r\n\r\nThe first three satellites were launched in 1964 by a Cosmos launcher. After one year of service, new and improved satellites were launched, called Strela-2. In 1970, these satellites were modernized, and became the Strela-1M and Strela-2M satellites. From 1985, these satellites will be gradually replaced by Strela-3, and then by Strela-3M from 2005. A civilian version of these satellites was created, called Goniets.\r\n\r\nInitially they were launched in groups of six on Tsyklon; when the launcher was retired, they were only launched by two on Cosmos, before Rokot was put into service and allowed the sending of triplets of Strela satellites.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 42, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/42/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "35/1", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_35", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.927319,40.574897", "latitude": "62.927319", "longitude": "40.574897", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_42_20200803143543.jpg", "total_launch_count": 8, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 8 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/angara25201.2_image_20190224012254.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6904, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1674, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 8, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 196, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 55, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "a299b865-decd-4e3a-8dca-6cd96af76fe6", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/a299b865-decd-4e3a-8dca-6cd96af76fe6/?format=api", "slug": "angara-12-emka-3-kosmos-2560", "name": "Angara 1.2 | EMKA-3 (Kosmos 2560)", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-06-15T13:55:39Z", "net": "2022-10-15T19:55:15Z", "window_end": "2022-10-15T21:30:00Z", "window_start": "2022-10-15T19:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 96, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/96/?format=api", "name": "Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 7652, "configuration": { "id": 136, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/136/?format=api", "name": "Angara 1.2", "family": "Angara", "full_name": "Angara 1.2", "variant": "1.2" } }, "mission": { "id": 6170, "name": "EMKA-3 (Kosmos 2560)", "description": "Russian military reconnaissance satellite.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 42, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/42/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "35/1", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_35", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.927319,40.574897", "latitude": "62.927319", "longitude": "40.574897", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_42_20200803143543.jpg", "total_launch_count": 8, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 8 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/angara25201.2_image_20190224012254.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6322, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1655, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 6, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 191, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 140, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 9, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "0f770177-f502-465b-9ea5-d7a053ec903c", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/0f770177-f502-465b-9ea5-d7a053ec903c/?format=api", "slug": "angara-12-kosmos-2555-mka-r", "name": "Angara 1.2 | Kosmos 2555 (MKA-R)", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:53:14Z", "net": "2022-04-29T19:55:22Z", "window_end": "2022-04-29T19:55:22Z", "window_start": "2022-04-29T19:55:22Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 96, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/96/?format=api", "name": "Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 79, "configuration": { "id": 136, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/136/?format=api", "name": "Angara 1.2", "family": "Angara", "full_name": "Angara 1.2", "variant": "1.2" } }, "mission": { "id": 5845, "name": "Kosmos 2555 (MKA-R)", "description": "Russian military radar satellite.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 42, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/42/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "35/1", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_35", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.927319,40.574897", "latitude": "62.927319", "longitude": "40.574897", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_42_20200803143543.jpg", "total_launch_count": 8, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 8 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/angara25201.2_image_20190224012254.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6227, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1650, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 5, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 190, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 45, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "40b7cb3e-4418-4cdf-a274-d01709706b86", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/40b7cb3e-4418-4cdf-a274-d01709706b86/?format=api", "slug": "angara-12-kosmos-2577-2578", "name": "Angara 1.2 | Kosmos 2577 & 2578", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-09-17T15:51:45Z", "net": "2024-09-17T07:01:00Z", "window_end": "2024-09-17T09:00:00Z", "window_start": "2024-09-17T07:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 96, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/96/?format=api", "name": "Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 8320, "configuration": { "id": 136, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/136/?format=api", "name": "Angara 1.2", "family": "Angara", "full_name": "Angara 1.2", "variant": "1.2" } }, "mission": { "id": 6901, "name": "Kosmos 2577 & 2578", "description": "2 Russian military satellites of unknown identities.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 42, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/42/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "35/1", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_35", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.927319,40.574897", "latitude": "62.927319", "longitude": "40.574897", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_42_20200803143543.jpg", "total_launch_count": 8, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 8 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/angara25201.2_image_20190224012254.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6759, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1669, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 7, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 195, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 170, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "fa000ea1-ce9e-49d9-b676-d6ba61b82e15", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/fa000ea1-ce9e-49d9-b676-d6ba61b82e15/?format=api", "slug": "angara-12pp-maiden-flight-suborbital", "name": "Angara-1.2pp | Maiden flight (Suborbital)", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-07-08T05:29:49Z", "net": "2014-07-09T12:00:00Z", "window_end": "2014-07-09T12:00:00Z", "window_start": "2014-07-09T12:00:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 96, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/96/?format=api", "name": "Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 1768, "configuration": { "id": 53, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/53/?format=api", "name": "Angara-1.2pp", "family": "Angara", "full_name": "Angara 1.2pp", "variant": "1.2pp" } }, "mission": null, "pad": { "id": 42, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/42/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "35/1", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_35", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.927319,40.574897", "latitude": "62.927319", "longitude": "40.574897", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_42_20200803143543.jpg", "total_launch_count": 8, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 8 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/angara-1.2pp_image_20190630234801.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5388, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1599, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 168, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 5388, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "20054280-a20a-457e-b452-8a176f633907", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/20054280-a20a-457e-b452-8a176f633907/?format=api", "slug": "angara-a5blok-dm-03-dummy-payload", "name": "Angara A5/Blok DM-03 | Dummy payload", "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Launch Failure", "abbrev": "Failure", "description": "Either the launch vehicle did not reach orbit, or the payload(s) failed to separate." }, "last_updated": "2024-01-02T16:36:52Z", "net": "2021-12-27T19:00:00Z", "window_end": "2021-12-27T19:00:00Z", "window_start": "2021-12-27T19:00:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "Upper stage failed to restart for 2nd burn leaving upper stage & payload simulator in LEO. As the resulting orbit would be completely unsalvageable by a hypothetical real payload, and the main purpose of the launch was to test the Persey upper stage, it should be considered a failure.", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 96, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/96/?format=api", "name": "Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 2562, "configuration": { "id": 196, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/196/?format=api", "name": "Angara A5/Blok DM-03", "family": "Angara", "full_name": "Angara A5/Blok DM-03", "variant": "A5/DM-03" } }, "mission": { "id": 5908, "name": "Dummy payload", "description": "This is the third test flight of Angara A5 launch vehicle and its first flight with Persey upper stage. Since it's a test flight, the rocket carries a mass simulator payload.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Test Flight", "orbit": { "id": 1, "name": "Geostationary Orbit", "abbrev": "Direct-GEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 42, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/42/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "35/1", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_35", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.927319,40.574897", "latitude": "62.927319", "longitude": "40.574897", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. 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