Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&offset=740&ordering=-last_updated
{ "count": 7507, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=750&ordering=-last_updated", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=730&ordering=-last_updated", "results": [ { "id": "7651a3ee-a5d8-4e2d-a526-28a4c3b02b56", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/7651a3ee-a5d8-4e2d-a526-28a4c3b02b56/?format=api", "slug": "ariane-5-eca-saudi-geostationary-satellite-1hellas", "name": "Ariane 5 ECA | Saudi Geostationary Satellite 1/Hellas Sat 4 & GSAT-31", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-06-15T14:17:36Z", "net": "2019-02-05T21:01:07Z", "window_end": "2019-02-05T21:01:07Z", "window_start": "2019-02-05T21:01:07Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 115, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/115/?format=api", "name": "Arianespace", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 23, "configuration": { "id": 20, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/20/?format=api", "name": "Ariane 5 ECA", "family": "Ariane", "full_name": "Ariane 5 ECA", "variant": "ECA" } }, "mission": { "id": 853, "name": "Saudi Geostationary Satellite 1/Hellas Sat 4 & GSAT-31", "description": "Hellas Sat 4/SaudiGeoSat 1 is a geostationary communications satellite to be used jointly by Hellas Sat and KACST. It will provide advanced telecommunications capabilities, including television, internet, telephone and secure military communications to customers in the Middle East, Africa and Europe. Another passenger of the launch is an Indian communications satellite GSAT-31.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 2, "name": "Geostationary Transfer Orbit", "abbrev": "GTO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 77, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/77/?format=api", "agency_id": 115, "name": "Ariane Launch Area 3", "description": "ELA-3, is a launch pad and associated facilities at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. ELA-3 was operated by Arianespace as part of the expendable launch system for Ariane 5 launch vehicles.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELA-3", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=5.239,-52.768", "latitude": "5.239", "longitude": "-52.768", "location": { "id": 13, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/13/?format=api", "name": "Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana", "country_code": "GUF", "description": "The Guiana Space Centre is a European spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana, a region of France in South America. Kourou is located at a latitude of 5°. In operation since 1968, it is a suitable location for a spaceport because of its equatorial location and open sea to the east.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_13_20200803142412.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Cayenne", "total_launch_count": 325, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "GUF", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_77_20200803143458.jpg", "total_launch_count": 118, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 118 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ariane252052520eca_image_20190224012333.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5829, "location_launch_attempt_count": 289, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 104, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 274, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 9, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "8e6e8c0e-6abc-4af9-a5dc-1d0cfcdad25b", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/8e6e8c0e-6abc-4af9-a5dc-1d0cfcdad25b/?format=api", "slug": "ariane-5-eca-dsn-1-hylas-4", "name": "Ariane 5 ECA | DSN 1 & HYLAS 4", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-06-15T14:17:19Z", "net": "2018-04-05T21:34:07Z", "window_end": "2018-04-05T21:34:07Z", "window_start": "2018-04-05T21:34:07Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 115, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/115/?format=api", "name": "Arianespace", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 1328, "configuration": { "id": 20, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/20/?format=api", "name": "Ariane 5 ECA", "family": "Ariane", "full_name": "Ariane 5 ECA", "variant": "ECA" } }, "mission": { "id": 330, "name": "DSN 1 & HYLAS 4", "description": "DSN-1 (also known as Kirameki 1, Superbird 8 or Superbird B3) is Japanese X-band military communications satellite. It was planned to be launched in 2016, however the satellite was damaged during transport to the launch site and repairs delayed the launch. The satellite is to replace aging Superbird-B2 satellite at 162° East in geostationary orbit. HYLAS 4 is a communications satellite build by Orbital ATK for Avanti Communication. It features hybrid propulsion system, with traditional chemical thrusters for orbit raising and ion engines for stationkeeping. The satellite carries 66 high-throughput Ka-band beams and will provide services to regions of Africa and Europe.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 2, "name": "Geostationary Transfer Orbit", "abbrev": "GTO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 77, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/77/?format=api", "agency_id": 115, "name": "Ariane Launch Area 3", "description": "ELA-3, is a launch pad and associated facilities at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. ELA-3 was operated by Arianespace as part of the expendable launch system for Ariane 5 launch vehicles.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELA-3", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=5.239,-52.768", "latitude": "5.239", "longitude": "-52.768", "location": { "id": 13, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/13/?format=api", "name": "Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana", "country_code": "GUF", "description": "The Guiana Space Centre is a European spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana, a region of France in South America. Kourou is located at a latitude of 5°. In operation since 1968, it is a suitable location for a spaceport because of its equatorial location and open sea to the east.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_13_20200803142412.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Cayenne", "total_launch_count": 325, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "GUF", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_77_20200803143458.jpg", "total_launch_count": 118, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 118 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ariane252052520eca_image_20190224012333.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5739, "location_launch_attempt_count": 280, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 99, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 265, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 33, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "23cea0c4-31db-4daf-a443-6afaed6d42db", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/23cea0c4-31db-4daf-a443-6afaed6d42db/?format=api", "slug": "ariane-5-g-pas-1r-amsat-p3d-strv-1c-strv-1d", "name": "Ariane 5 G | PAS-1R, Amsat P3D, STRV 1C, STRV 1D", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-06-15T14:17:05Z", "net": "2000-11-16T01:07:07Z", "window_end": "2000-11-16T01:07:07Z", "window_start": "2000-11-16T01:07:07Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 115, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/115/?format=api", "name": "Arianespace", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 460, "configuration": { "id": 131, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/131/?format=api", "name": "Ariane 5 G", "family": "Ariane", "full_name": "Ariane 5 G", "variant": "G" } }, "mission": { "id": 582, "name": "PAS-1R, Amsat P3D, STRV 1C, STRV 1D", "description": "PAS-1R a commications satellite located at 40 degrees west, serving the Americas, the Caribbean, Europe and Africa, operated by PanAmSat. Amsat P3D was an amateur radio satellite built and operated by AmSat. STRV was a series of four satellites operated by the UK MoD, intended to test new technologies, two were launched on this vehicle.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Dedicated Rideshare", "orbit": { "id": 2, "name": "Geostationary Transfer Orbit", "abbrev": "GTO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 77, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/77/?format=api", "agency_id": 115, "name": "Ariane Launch Area 3", "description": "ELA-3, is a launch pad and associated facilities at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. ELA-3 was operated by Arianespace as part of the expendable launch system for Ariane 5 launch vehicles.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELA-3", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=5.239,-52.768", "latitude": "5.239", "longitude": "-52.768", "location": { "id": 13, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/13/?format=api", "name": "Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana", "country_code": "GUF", "description": "The Guiana Space Centre is a European spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana, a region of France in South America. Kourou is located at a latitude of 5°. In operation since 1968, it is a suitable location for a spaceport because of its equatorial location and open sea to the east.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_13_20200803142412.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Cayenne", "total_launch_count": 325, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "GUF", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_77_20200803143458.jpg", "total_launch_count": 118, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 118 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ariane252052520g_image_20190222030331.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 4441, "location_launch_attempt_count": 144, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 7, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 131, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 74, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 10, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 10, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "7c0e22ab-91a9-43e0-940f-779fdf790ac0", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/7c0e22ab-91a9-43e0-940f-779fdf790ac0/?format=api", "slug": "ariane-5-eca-intelsat-39-edrs-chylas-3", "name": "Ariane 5 ECA+ | Intelsat 39 & EDRS-C/HYLAS 3", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-06-15T14:16:54Z", "net": "2019-08-06T19:30:07Z", "window_end": "2019-08-06T21:51:00Z", "window_start": "2019-08-06T19:30:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 115, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/115/?format=api", "name": "Arianespace", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 2680, "configuration": { "id": 215, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/215/?format=api", "name": "Ariane 5 ECA+", "family": "Ariane", "full_name": "Ariane 5 ECA+", "variant": "ECA+" } }, "mission": { "id": 879, "name": "EDRS-C & HYLAS 3", "description": "EDRS-C is one of the two EDRS (European Data Relay System) satellites. EDRS is the European constellation of two geostationary data relay satellites that will relay information and data between satellites, spacecraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, and ground stations. Broadband communications payload called HYLAS 3 is placed on EDRS-C satellite, and is to complement HYLAS 1 and HYLAS 2 satellites already in orbit.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 2, "name": "Geostationary Transfer Orbit", "abbrev": "GTO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 77, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/77/?format=api", "agency_id": 115, "name": "Ariane Launch Area 3", "description": "ELA-3, is a launch pad and associated facilities at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. ELA-3 was operated by Arianespace as part of the expendable launch system for Ariane 5 launch vehicles.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELA-3", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=5.239,-52.768", "latitude": "5.239", "longitude": "-52.768", "location": { "id": 13, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/13/?format=api", "name": "Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana", "country_code": "GUF", "description": "The Guiana Space Centre is a European spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana, a region of France in South America. Kourou is located at a latitude of 5°. In operation since 1968, it is a suitable location for a spaceport because of its equatorial location and open sea to the east.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_13_20200803142412.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Cayenne", "total_launch_count": 325, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "GUF", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_77_20200803143458.jpg", "total_launch_count": 118, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 118 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ariane252052520eca_image_20190224012333.jpeg", "infographic": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/infographic_images/ariane2520525_infographic_20200806035453.png", "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5874, "location_launch_attempt_count": 295, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 106, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 280, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 54, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 7, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 7, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "283fe1c5-3f83-4d6f-9a58-5ca1f073e363", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/283fe1c5-3f83-4d6f-9a58-5ca1f073e363/?format=api", "slug": "ariane-5-eca-intelsat-29e", "name": "Ariane 5 ECA | Intelsat 29e", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-06-15T14:16:30Z", "net": "2016-01-27T23:20:07Z", "window_end": "2016-01-28T00:40:24Z", "window_start": "2016-01-27T23:20:07Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 115, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/115/?format=api", "name": "Arianespace", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 1122, "configuration": { "id": 20, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/20/?format=api", "name": "Ariane 5 ECA", "family": "Ariane", "full_name": "Ariane 5 ECA", "variant": "ECA" } }, "mission": { "id": 516, "name": "Intelsat 29e", "description": "Covering North and South America Intelsat 29e will provide high bandwidth C and Ku-Band services for fixed and mobile customers. The satellite will be located at 50 degrees west in a geostationary orbit for its operational lifespan of 15 years. With over 3000kg of propellant the craft will weigh 6300kg when launched and will have 2 solar arrays to provide power. Intelsat 29e will launch on the Ariane 5 on its own, as no suitable secondary payload could be found", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 2, "name": "Geostationary Transfer Orbit", "abbrev": "GTO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 77, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/77/?format=api", "agency_id": 115, "name": "Ariane Launch Area 3", "description": "ELA-3, is a launch pad and associated facilities at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. ELA-3 was operated by Arianespace as part of the expendable launch system for Ariane 5 launch vehicles.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELA-3", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=5.239,-52.768", "latitude": "5.239", "longitude": "-52.768", "location": { "id": 13, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/13/?format=api", "name": "Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana", "country_code": "GUF", "description": "The Guiana Space Centre is a European spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana, a region of France in South America. Kourou is located at a latitude of 5°. In operation since 1968, it is a suitable location for a spaceport because of its equatorial location and open sea to the east.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_13_20200803142412.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Cayenne", "total_launch_count": 325, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "GUF", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_77_20200803143458.jpg", "total_launch_count": 118, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 118 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ariane252052520eca_image_20190224012333.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5533, "location_launch_attempt_count": 256, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 84, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 241, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "591a5a2f-6df6-4ba7-83a6-3830e0818499", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/591a5a2f-6df6-4ba7-83a6-3830e0818499/?format=api", "slug": "ariane-5-eca-gsat-11-geo-kompsat-2a", "name": "Ariane 5 ECA | GSAT-11 & GEO-KOMPSAT-2A", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-06-15T14:16:11Z", "net": "2018-12-04T20:37:07Z", "window_end": "2018-12-04T21:53:00Z", "window_start": "2018-12-04T20:37:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 115, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/115/?format=api", "name": "Arianespace", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 46, "configuration": { "id": 20, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/20/?format=api", "name": "Ariane 5 ECA", "family": "Ariane", "full_name": "Ariane 5 ECA", "variant": "ECA" } }, "mission": { "id": 341, "name": "GSAT-11 & GEO-KOMPSAT-2A", "description": "GSAT-11 is an Indian geostationary communications satellite. It is based n the new I-6K Bus and carry 40 transponders in the Ku-band and Ka-band frequencies. GEO-KOMPSAT 2A is a South Korean geostationary meteorological satellite developed by KARI. The satellite will be used for weather and space weather observation.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Dedicated Rideshare", "orbit": { "id": 2, "name": "Geostationary Transfer Orbit", "abbrev": "GTO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 77, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/77/?format=api", "agency_id": 115, "name": "Ariane Launch Area 3", "description": "ELA-3, is a launch pad and associated facilities at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. ELA-3 was operated by Arianespace as part of the expendable launch system for Ariane 5 launch vehicles.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELA-3", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=5.239,-52.768", "latitude": "5.239", "longitude": "-52.768", "location": { "id": 13, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/13/?format=api", "name": "Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana", "country_code": "GUF", "description": "The Guiana Space Centre is a European spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana, a region of France in South America. Kourou is located at a latitude of 5°. 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