Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&offset=7140&ordering=last_updated
{ "count": 7500, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=7150&ordering=last_updated", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=7130&ordering=last_updated", "results": [ { "id": "5d1a96f5-c151-4fbf-9482-1cc3b3fc2f27", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/5d1a96f5-c151-4fbf-9482-1cc3b3fc2f27/?format=api", "slug": "unha-kwangmyongsong-4", "name": "Unha | Kwangmyongsong-4", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-11-13T17:32:14Z", "net": "2016-02-07T00:30:00Z", "window_end": "2016-02-07T00:30:00Z", "window_start": "2016-02-07T00:30:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 1074, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/1074/?format=api", "name": "National Aerospace Development Administration", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 1907, "configuration": { "id": 86, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/86/?format=api", "name": "Unha", "family": "Taepodong", "full_name": "Unha", "variant": "Unha" } }, "mission": { "id": 104, "name": "Kwangmyongsong", "description": "Part of North Korea’s Kwangmyongsong (Bright Star) programme, the experimental satellite will attempt to reach orbit.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 74, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/74/?format=api", "agency_id": 40, "name": "Unha Launch Pad", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sohae_Satellite_Launching_Station", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=39.660065,124.705366", "latitude": "39.660065", "longitude": "124.705366", "location": { "id": 7, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/7/?format=api", "name": "Sohae Satellite Launching Station, Cholsan County, North Pyongan Province, Democratic People's Republic of Korea", "country_code": "PRK", "description": "Sohae Satellite Launching Station is a rocket launching site in Tongch'ang-ri, Cholsan County, North Pyongan Province, North Korea. The base is located among hills close to the northern border with China. The spaceport was built on the site of the village Pongdong-ri which was displaced during construction.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_7_20200803142414.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Pyongyang", "total_launch_count": 7, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "PRK", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_74_20200803143358.jpg", "total_launch_count": 3, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/unha_image_20190222030930.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5538, "location_launch_attempt_count": 3, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 1, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 9, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "d7bade8a-4213-4df3-a9af-ae44dfcd0b69", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/d7bade8a-4213-4df3-a9af-ae44dfcd0b69/?format=api", "slug": "long-march-4c-yaogan-17a-b-c", "name": "Long March 4C | Yaogan 17A, B & C", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-11-13T17:32:55Z", "net": "2013-09-01T19:16:00Z", "window_end": "2013-09-01T19:16:00Z", "window_start": "2013-09-01T19:16:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 88, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/88/?format=api", "name": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 1698, "configuration": { "id": 64, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/64/?format=api", "name": "Long March 4C", "family": "Long March", "full_name": "Long March 4C", "variant": "C" } }, "mission": null, "pad": { "id": 22, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/22/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Launch Area 4 (SLS-2 / 603)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiuquan_Launch_Area_4", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=40.960482,100.298059", "latitude": "40.960482", "longitude": "100.298059", "location": { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/17/?format=api", "name": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, People's Republic of China", "country_code": "CHN", "description": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is a Chinese spaceport located between the Ejin, Alxa, Inner Mongolia and Hangtian Town, Jinta County, Jiuquan, Gansu Province. It is part of the Dongfeng Aerospace City (Base 10).", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_17_20200803142429.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Shanghai", "total_launch_count": 249, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "CHN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_22_20200803143437.jpg", "total_launch_count": 124, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 124 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/long_march_4c_image_20230801172338.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5316, "location_launch_attempt_count": 66, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 27, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 126, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 5316, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "94718e12-5684-45dd-a539-6e206f0a1e5c", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/94718e12-5684-45dd-a539-6e206f0a1e5c/?format=api", "slug": "long-march-3be-tjs-1-tjsw-1", "name": "Long March 3B/E | TJS-1 (TJSW-1)", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-11-13T17:33:53Z", "net": "2015-09-12T15:42:04Z", "window_end": "2015-09-12T16:30:00Z", "window_start": "2015-09-12T15:35:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 88, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/88/?format=api", "name": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 1864, "configuration": { "id": 50, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/50/?format=api", "name": "Long March 3", "family": "Long March", "full_name": "Long March 3B/E", "variant": "B/E" } }, "mission": null, "pad": { "id": 45, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/45/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Launch Complex 2 (LC-2)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.245564,102.026751", "latitude": "28.245564", "longitude": "102.026751", "location": { "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/16/?format=api", "name": "Xichang Satellite Launch Center, People's Republic of China", "country_code": "CHN", "description": "The Xichang Satellite Launch Center is a spaceport in China. It is located in Zeyuan Town, northwest of Xichang, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_16_20200803142513.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Shanghai", "total_launch_count": 225, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "CHN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_45_20200803143520.jpg", "total_launch_count": 118, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 118 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/long2520march25203_image_20190222031215.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5491, "location_launch_attempt_count": 87, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 60, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 154, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 5491, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 5, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "3e932c09-8c8a-4602-84fe-f70e8828a2be", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/3e932c09-8c8a-4602-84fe-f70e8828a2be/?format=api", "slug": "long-march-2fg-shenzhou-11", "name": "Long March 2F/G | Shenzhou-11", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-11-13T17:35:05Z", "net": "2016-10-16T23:30:31Z", "window_end": "2016-10-16T23:50:00Z", "window_start": "2016-10-16T23:25:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 88, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/88/?format=api", "name": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 1956, "configuration": { "id": 84, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/84/?format=api", "name": "Long March 2", "family": "Long March", "full_name": "Long March 2F/G", "variant": "F/G" } }, "mission": { "id": 242, "name": "Shenzhou-11", "description": "This is the sixth crewed mission for China's Shenzhou program. Shenzhou-11 will carry two taikonauts, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, to the Tiangong-2 space station launched earlier in the year. The taikonauts will stay in Tiangong-2 for 30 days.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Human Exploration", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/37/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Launch Area 4 (SLS-1 / 921)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiuquan_Launch_Area_4", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=40.957893,100.290944", "latitude": "40.957893", "longitude": "100.290944", "location": { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/17/?format=api", "name": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, People's Republic of China", "country_code": "CHN", "description": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is a Chinese spaceport located between the Ejin, Alxa, Inner Mongolia and Hangtian Town, Jinta County, Jiuquan, Gansu Province. It is part of the Dongfeng Aerospace City (Base 10).", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_17_20200803142429.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Shanghai", "total_launch_count": 249, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "CHN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_37_20200803143603.jpg", "total_launch_count": 25, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 25 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/long_march_2_image_20210908195835.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 7, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/7/?format=api", "name": "Shenzhou", "description": "The Shenzhou program is a crewed spaceflight initiative by China. The program put the first Chinese citizen, Yang Liwei, into orbit on 15 October 2003.", "agencies": [ { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/17/?format=api", "name": "China National Space Administration", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/shenzhou_program_20200820204745.PNG", "start_date": "1993-01-01T00:00:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhou_program", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5592, "location_launch_attempt_count": 88, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 13, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 183, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 63, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 15, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "0bcc6850-4c51-4b08-aa19-0b3753351b9b", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/0bcc6850-4c51-4b08-aa19-0b3753351b9b/?format=api", "slug": "atlas-v-411-osiris-rex", "name": "Atlas V 411 | OSIRIS-REx", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-11-13T17:36:24Z", "net": "2016-09-08T23:05:00Z", "window_end": "2016-09-09T01:05:00Z", "window_start": "2016-09-08T23:05:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": 90, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 124, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/124/?format=api", "name": "United Launch Alliance", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 1952, "configuration": { "id": 83, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/83/?format=api", "name": "Atlas V 411", "family": "Atlas", "full_name": "Atlas V 411", "variant": "411" } }, "mission": { "id": 93, "name": "OSIRIS-REx", "description": "The Origins-Spectral Interpretation-Resource Identification-Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS REx) mission will be the first U.S. mission to carry samples from an asteroid back to Earth and will help scientists investigate how planets formed and how life began, as well as improve our understanding of asteroids that could impact Earth.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Robotic Exploration", "orbit": { "id": 6, "name": "Heliocentric N/A", "abbrev": "Helio-N/A" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 29, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/29/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Space Launch Complex 41", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_41", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.58341025,-80.58303644", "latitude": "28.58341025", "longitude": "-80.58303644", "location": { "id": 12, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/12/?format=api", "name": "Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_12_20200803142519.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 1023, "total_landing_count": 64 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_29_20200803143528.jpg", "total_launch_count": 115, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 115 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/atlas2520v2520411_image_20190224012306.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5586, "location_launch_attempt_count": 751, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 82, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 112, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 57, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 15, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 8, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "2673a5eb-cb4e-49bf-96ce-f8605c5e0c71", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/2673a5eb-cb4e-49bf-96ce-f8605c5e0c71/?format=api", "slug": "rokotbriz-km-geo-ik-2-no12l-kosmos-2517", "name": "Rokot/Briz-KM | Geo-IK-2 No.12L (Kosmos 2517)", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-11-13T17:37:31Z", "net": "2016-06-04T14:00:14Z", "window_end": "2016-06-04T14:45:00Z", "window_start": "2016-06-04T13:45:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 193, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/193/?format=api", "name": "Russian Space Forces", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 1931, "configuration": { "id": 40, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/40/?format=api", "name": "Rokot/Briz-KM", "family": "Rokot", "full_name": "Rokot/Briz-KM", "variant": "Briz-KM" } }, "mission": { "id": 137, "name": "Geo-IK-2 No.12L (Kosmos 2517)", "description": "Geo-IK-2 will conduct high precision geodesic measurements to improve our understanding and models of the earth. Using GLONASS for accurate positioning data, the 1400kg satellite will operate in a 1000km polar orbit.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 13, "name": "Polar Orbit", "abbrev": "PO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 3, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/3/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "133/3 (133L)", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.886999,40.846984", "latitude": "62.886999", "longitude": "40.846984", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_3_20200803143438.jpg", "total_launch_count": 159, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 159 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/rokot25202f2520briz-km_image_20190224012237.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5563, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1615, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 154, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 92, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 34, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 5, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "4ef97eb5-f136-4004-9ac7-2df65198d512", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/4ef97eb5-f136-4004-9ac7-2df65198d512/?format=api", "slug": "space-shuttle-discovery-ov-103-sts-26", "name": "Space Shuttle Discovery / OV-103 | STS-26", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-11-13T17:47:50Z", "net": "1988-09-29T15:37:00Z", "window_end": "1988-09-29T15:37:00Z", "window_start": "1988-09-29T15:37:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 192, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/192/?format=api", "name": "Lockheed Space Operations Company", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 322, "configuration": { "id": 493, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/493/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle", "family": "", "full_name": "Space Shuttle", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 684, "name": "STS-26", "description": "STS-26 was the twenty-sixth space shuttle mission and the seventh flight of the orbiter Discovery. It was the return to flight mission after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. It was the first to have all of its crew members wear pressure suits for launch and landing since STS-4 and the first mission with bailout capability since STS-4. 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