Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&offset=7110&ordering=-id
{ "count": 7502, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=7120&ordering=-id", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=7100&ordering=-id", "results": [ { "id": "0d989b81-7ddf-45a3-80d8-703f2728b8d9", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/0d989b81-7ddf-45a3-80d8-703f2728b8d9/?format=api", "slug": "falcon-9-block-5-starlink-group-11-6", "name": "Falcon 9 Block 5 | Starlink Group 11-6", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2025-01-30T03:36:08Z", "net": "2025-01-24T14:07:00Z", "window_end": "2025-01-24T17:29:09Z", "window_start": "2025-01-24T14:07:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 8466, "configuration": { "id": 164, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/164/?format=api", "name": "Falcon 9", "family": "Falcon", "full_name": "Falcon 9 Block 5", "variant": "Block 5" } }, "mission": { "id": 7055, "name": "Starlink Group 11-6", "description": "A batch of 23 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [ { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "featured": true, "type": "Commercial", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "SpX", "description": "Space Exploration Technologies Corp., known as SpaceX, is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company headquartered in Hawthorne, California. It was founded in 2002 by entrepreneur Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs and enabling the colonization of Mars. SpaceX operates from many pads, on the East Coast of the US they operate from SLC-40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and historic LC-39A at Kennedy Space Center. They also operate from SLC-4E at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, usually for polar launches. Another launch site is being developed at Boca Chica, Texas.", "administrator": "CEO: Elon Musk", "founding_year": "2002", "launchers": "Falcon | Starship", "spacecraft": "Dragon", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 510, "consecutive_successful_launches": 33, "successful_launches": 496, "failed_launches": 14, "pending_launches": 117, "consecutive_successful_landings": 79, "successful_landings": 457, "failed_landings": 26, "attempted_landings": 482, "info_url": "http://www.spacex.com/", "wiki_url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex_logo_20220826094919.png", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex_image_20190207032501.jpeg", "nation_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex_nation_20230531064544.jpg" } ], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/16/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Space Launch Complex 4E", "description": "Space Launch Complex 4 East (SLC-4E) is a launch site at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, U.S.\r\n\r\nThe pad was previously used by Atlas and Titan rockets between 1963 and 2005. The pad was built for use by Atlas-Agena rockets, but was later rebuilt to handle Titan rockets.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_4#SLC-4E", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=34.632,-120.611", "latitude": "34.632", "longitude": "-120.611", "location": { "id": 11, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/11/?format=api", "name": "Vandenberg SFB, CA, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Vandenberg Space Force Base is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_11_20200803142416.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Los_Angeles", "total_launch_count": 807, "total_landing_count": 26 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_16_20200803143532.jpg", "total_launch_count": 193, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 193 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/falcon2520925_image_20221009234147.png", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 25, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/25/?format=api", "name": "Starlink", "description": "Starlink is a satellite internet constellation operated by American aerospace company SpaceX", "agencies": [ { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/starlink_program_20231228154508.jpeg", "start_date": "2018-02-22T14:17:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://starlink.com", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlink", "mission_patches": [ { "id": 7, "name": "Space X Starlink Mission Patch", "priority": 10, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/mission_patch_images/space2520x252_mission_patch_20221011205756.png", "agency": { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" } } ], "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Communication Constellation" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6867, "location_launch_attempt_count": 790, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 178, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 461, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 18, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 12, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "0d802ba0-f18a-416f-ac7d-ac2f5c1f4904", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/0d802ba0-f18a-416f-ac7d-ac2f5c1f4904/?format=api", "slug": "tsiklon-3-tselina-d-63", "name": "Tsiklon-3 | Tselina-D 63", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:23:08Z", "net": "1988-01-06T07:41:00Z", "window_end": "1988-01-06T07:41:00Z", "window_start": "1988-01-06T07:41:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 6030, "configuration": { "id": 445, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/445/?format=api", "name": "Tsiklon-3", "family": "Tsiklon", "full_name": "Tsiklon-3", "variant": "3" } }, "mission": { "id": 4421, "name": "Tselina-D 63", "description": "Tselina-D satellites provided detailed observation of radio sources detected by the smaller Tselina-O satellites as part of the Tselina ELINT system.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 127, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/127/?format=api", "agency_id": 63, "name": "32/2", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_32", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.9063889,40.7844727", "latitude": "62.9063889", "longitude": "40.7844727", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_127_20200803143245.jpg", "total_launch_count": 65, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 65 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3254, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1200, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 35, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 2148, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "0d779392-1a36-4c1e-b0b8-ec11e3031ee6", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/0d779392-1a36-4c1e-b0b8-ec11e3031ee6/?format=api", "slug": "falcon-9-block-5-crew-3", "name": "Falcon 9 Block 5 | Crew-3", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-03-05T18:31:25Z", "net": "2021-11-11T02:03:31Z", "window_end": "2021-11-11T02:03:31Z", "window_start": "2021-11-11T02:03:31Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": 70, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 2812, "configuration": { "id": 164, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/164/?format=api", "name": "Falcon 9", "family": "Falcon", "full_name": "Falcon 9 Block 5", "variant": "Block 5" } }, "mission": { "id": 1220, "name": "Crew-3", "description": "SpaceX Crew-3 is the third crewed operational flight of a Crew Dragon spacecraft to the International Space Station as part of NASA's Commercial Crew Program.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Human Exploration", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 87, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/87/?format=api", "agency_id": 121, "name": "Launch Complex 39A", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39#Launch_Pad_39A", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.60822681,-80.60428186", "latitude": "28.60822681", "longitude": "-80.60428186", "location": { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/27/?format=api", "name": "Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "The John F. Kennedy Space Center, located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of NASA's ten field centers. Since 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of American spaceflight, research, and technology. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS).", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_27_20200803142447.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 265, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_87_20200803143537.jpg", "total_launch_count": 207, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 206 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/falcon2520925_image_20220301072106.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 5, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/5/?format=api", "name": "Commercial Crew Program", "description": "The Commercial Crew Program (CCP) is a human spaceflight program operated by NASA, in association with American aerospace manufacturers Boeing and SpaceX. The program conducts rotations between the expeditions of the International Space Station program, transporting crews to and from the International Space Station (ISS) aboard Boeing Starliner and SpaceX Crew Dragon capsules, in the first crewed orbital spaceflights operated by private companies.", "agencies": [ { "id": 80, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/80/?format=api", "name": "Boeing", "type": "Commercial" }, { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/commercial2520_program_20200820201209.png", "start_date": "2011-04-18T00:00:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/commercial/crew/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } }, { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/17/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "description": "The International Space Station programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the sixteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilization, and responsibilities for crew rotation and resupply of the International Space Station. It was conceived in 1984 by President Ronald Reagan, during the Space Station Freedom project as it was originally called.", "agencies": [ { "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/16/?format=api", "name": "Canadian Space Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "type": "Multinational" }, { "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2_program_20201129184745.png", "start_date": "1998-11-20T06:40:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6148, "location_launch_attempt_count": 192, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 135, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 145, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 111, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 10, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 10, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 28, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "0d72de8f-61ed-4ca5-b986-6b9763aa3e5b", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/0d72de8f-61ed-4ca5-b986-6b9763aa3e5b/?format=api", "slug": "soyuz-u-resurs-f1-17f40-61l-3", "name": "Soyuz U | Resurs-F1 17F40 61L 3", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:50:16Z", "net": "1986-10-31T08:00:00Z", "window_end": "1986-10-31T08:00:00Z", "window_start": "1986-10-31T08:00:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 5905, "configuration": { "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/37/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz U", "family": "Soyuz", "full_name": "Soyuz U", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 4301, "name": "Resurs-F1 17F40 61L 3", "description": "Film-return Earth observation satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 35, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/35/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "16/2", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.960091,40.682983", "latitude": "62.960091", "longitude": "40.682983", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_35_20200803143306.jpg", "total_launch_count": 136, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 136 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz2520u_image_20190222031023.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3119, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1138, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 55, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 2032, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 90, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 44, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 8, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 76, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "0d6ad64c-3aed-4041-b095-e1d951bc6d29", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/0d6ad64c-3aed-4041-b095-e1d951bc6d29/?format=api", "slug": "electron-aspera", "name": "Electron | Aspera", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "To Be Determined", "abbrev": "TBD", "description": "Current date is a placeholder or rough estimation based on unreliable or interpreted sources." }, "last_updated": "2025-05-15T03:41:01Z", "net": "2026-03-31T00:00:00Z", "window_end": "2026-03-31T00:00:00Z", "window_start": "2026-03-31T00:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 8, "name": "Quarter 1", "abbrev": "Q1", "description": "The T-0 is expected in the first quarter of the given year." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 147, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/147/?format=api", "name": "Rocket Lab", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 8615, "configuration": { "id": 26, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/26/?format=api", "name": "Electron", "family": "", "full_name": "Electron", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 7207, "name": "Aspera", "description": "Aspera houses an ultraviolet telescope and will examine hot gas in the intergalactic medium, thought to be contributing to the birth of stars and planets. Aspera will be the first NASA astrophysics mission to gather and map these ultraviolet light signatures, potentially unlocking a deeper understanding of the origins of stars, planets, and life in the universe.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Astrophysics", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [ { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. 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