Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&offset=7070&ordering=id
{ "count": 7503, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=7080&ordering=id", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=7060&ordering=id", "results": [ { "id": "f05cf79e-faf8-477e-9929-a94945e90b37", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/f05cf79e-faf8-477e-9929-a94945e90b37/?format=api", "slug": "molniya-8k78m-pvb-molniya-3-56l", "name": "Molniya 8K78M-PVB | Molniya-3 56L", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:51:32Z", "net": "1992-12-02T01:57:00Z", "window_end": "1992-12-02T01:57:00Z", "window_start": "1992-12-02T01:57:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 111, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/111/?format=api", "name": "Progress Rocket Space Center", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 6488, "configuration": { "id": 335, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/335/?format=api", "name": "Molniya 8K78M-PVB", "family": "R-7", "full_name": "Molniya 8K78M-PVB", "variant": "8K78M-PVB" } }, "mission": { "id": 4878, "name": "Molniya-3 56L", "description": "Molniya communication satellites operating from a highly elliptical orbit", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 0, "name": "Elliptical Orbit", "abbrev": "Elliptical" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 36, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/36/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "43/3 (43L)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": null, "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.9273,40.45", "latitude": "62.9273", "longitude": "40.45", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_36_20200803143534.jpg", "total_launch_count": 230, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 230 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3775, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1411, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 192, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 8, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 87, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 30, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 8, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 8, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "f06ec811-be10-4fa2-a539-b7f7ac50adb8", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/f06ec811-be10-4fa2-a539-b7f7ac50adb8/?format=api", "slug": "long-march-2d-lkw-3-land-survey-satellite-3", "name": "Long March 2D | LKW-3 (Land Survey Satellite-3)", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T15:48:11Z", "net": "2018-01-13T07:10:00Z", "window_end": "2018-01-13T07:21:00Z", "window_start": "2018-01-13T07:03:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 88, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/88/?format=api", "name": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 2066, "configuration": { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/17/?format=api", "name": "Long March 2D", "family": "Long March", "full_name": "Long March 2D", "variant": "2D" } }, "mission": null, "pad": { "id": 22, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/22/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Launch Area 4 (SLS-2 / 603)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiuquan_Launch_Area_4", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=40.960482,100.298059", "latitude": "40.960482", "longitude": "100.298059", "location": { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/17/?format=api", "name": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, People's Republic of China", "country_code": "CHN", "description": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is a Chinese spaceport located between the Ejin, Alxa, Inner Mongolia and Hangtian Town, Jinta County, Jiuquan, Gansu Province. It is part of the Dongfeng Aerospace City (Base 10).", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_17_20200803142429.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Shanghai", "total_launch_count": 250, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "CHN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_22_20200803143437.jpg", "total_launch_count": 124, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 124 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/long2520march25202d_image_20190222031211.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5712, "location_launch_attempt_count": 98, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 52, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 210, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 5712, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "f07f6b32-5547-4c92-9ca7-4b4cb14f3cd0", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/f07f6b32-5547-4c92-9ca7-4b4cb14f3cd0/?format=api", "slug": "dnepr-terrasar-x", "name": "Dnepr | TerraSAR-X", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:33:04Z", "net": "2007-06-15T02:14:00Z", "window_end": "2007-06-15T02:14:00Z", "window_start": "2007-06-15T02:14:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 119, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/119/?format=api", "name": "ISC Kosmotras", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 7319, "configuration": { "id": 31, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/31/?format=api", "name": "Dnepr", "family": "", "full_name": "Dnepr 1", "variant": "1" } }, "mission": { "id": 5708, "name": "TerraSAR-X", "description": "German Earth observation satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 12, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/12/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "109/95", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.95112,63.497095", "latitude": "45.95112", "longitude": "63.497095", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1555, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_12_20200803143322.jpg", "total_launch_count": 12, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 12 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/dnepr-1_liftoff_image_20240411092543.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 4845, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1275, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 8, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 9, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 28, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 7, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "f08172e1-e53e-4c5c-9f97-df620f934ed9", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/f08172e1-e53e-4c5c-9f97-df620f934ed9/?format=api", "slug": "long-march-2d-piesat-1-x-4", "name": "Long March 2D | PIESAT-1 x 4", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-03-05T18:12:45Z", "net": "2023-03-30T10:50:00Z", "window_end": "2023-03-30T11:26:00Z", "window_start": "2023-03-30T10:43:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 88, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/88/?format=api", "name": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 7835, "configuration": { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/17/?format=api", "name": "Long March 2D", "family": "Long March", "full_name": "Long March 2D", "variant": "2D" } }, "mission": { "id": 6340, "name": "PIESAT-1 x 4", "description": "4 X-band synthetic-aperture radar Earth observation satellites for PIESAT (1 main, 3 sub-satellites), operating in tandem using very long baseline interferometry, with resolution at 0.5 - 5 m.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 25, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/25/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Launch Complex 9", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": null, "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=38.863128,111.589567", "latitude": "38.863128", "longitude": "111.589567", "location": { "id": 19, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/19/?format=api", "name": "Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, People's Republic of China", "country_code": "CHN", "description": "The Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center is a People's Republic of China space and defense launch facility. It is situated in Kelan County, Xinzhou, Shanxi Province and is the second of four launch sites having been founded in March 1966 and coming into full operation in 1968.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_19_20200803142421.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Shanghai", "total_launch_count": 141, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "CHN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_25_20200803143501.jpg", "total_launch_count": 76, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 76 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/long2520march_image_20230907065813.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6420, "location_launch_attempt_count": 118, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 68, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 416, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 52, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 11, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "f0821ec7-31bf-4383-b1af-576aadfb7e92", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/f0821ec7-31bf-4383-b1af-576aadfb7e92/?format=api", "slug": "proton-raduga-33", "name": "Proton | Raduga 33", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:35:09Z", "net": "1996-02-19T08:19:00Z", "window_end": "1996-02-19T08:19:00Z", "window_start": "1996-02-19T08:19:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 96, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/96/?format=api", "name": "Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 6714, "configuration": { "id": 80, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/80/?format=api", "name": "Proton", "family": "Proton / UR-500", "full_name": "Proton K/DM-2", "variant": "K/DM-2" } }, "mission": { "id": 5104, "name": "Raduga 33", "description": "Geostationary communications satellite for military and governmental puposes", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 1, "name": "Geostationary Orbit", "abbrev": "Direct-GEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/15/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "200/39 (200L)", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=46.039984,63.032093", "latitude": "46.039984", "longitude": "63.032093", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1555, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_15_20200803143530.jpg", "total_launch_count": 167, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 167 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/proton_image_20231231095535.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 4052, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1070, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 74, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 36, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 11, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "f097fbf2-a1c3-4a1f-ab5a-e3af0e90f102", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/f097fbf2-a1c3-4a1f-ab5a-e3af0e90f102/?format=api", "slug": "atlas-fois-solwind", "name": "Atlas F/OIS | Solwind", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:18:02Z", "net": "1979-02-24T08:20:00Z", "window_end": "1979-02-24T08:20:00Z", "window_start": "1979-02-24T08:20:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 161, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/161/?format=api", "name": "United States Air Force", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 5050, "configuration": { "id": 247, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/247/?format=api", "name": "Atlas F/OIS", "family": "Atlas", "full_name": "Atlas F/OIS", "variant": "F/OIS" } }, "mission": { "id": 3462, "name": "Solwind", "description": "Experimental scientific satellite dedicated to solar wind", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Heliophysics", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 93, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/93/?format=api", "agency_id": 161, "name": "Space Launch Complex 3W", "description": "SLC-3W was originally built for Atlas-Agena launches and the first flight off the pad was the launch of Samos 1 on October 11, 1960. The facility was extensively damaged 11 months later when Samos 3's booster exploded on the pad, but it was repaired quickly and hosted its next launch slightly under two months afterwards.\r\n\r\nIn 1962-63, the pad was converted for Thor-Agena use and was the primary launching site for Corona reconnaissance satellites for the next decade. After the Corona program ended in 1972, SLC-3W was converted back to support Atlases, this time flights of refurbished Atlas E/F missiles. The final such launch took place in 1995.\r\n\r\nSpaceX initially planned to use SLC-3W for the Falcon 1 launch vehicle but switched to SLC-4E with Falcon 9.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_3#SLC-3W", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=34.644,-120.593", "latitude": "34.644", "longitude": "-120.593", "location": { "id": 11, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/11/?format=api", "name": "Vandenberg SFB, CA, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Vandenberg Space Force Base is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_11_20200803142416.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Los_Angeles", "total_launch_count": 807, "total_landing_count": 26 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_93_20200803143225.jpg", "total_launch_count": 81, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 81 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 2191, "location_launch_attempt_count": 470, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 55, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 738, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 18, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "f09ec581-32b0-4d7f-82fa-8187f26c7f28", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/f09ec581-32b0-4d7f-82fa-8187f26c7f28/?format=api", "slug": "tsiklon-3-sich-1m", "name": "Tsiklon-3 | Sich-1M", "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Launch Failure", "abbrev": "Failure", "description": "Either the launch vehicle did not reach orbit, or the payload(s) failed to separate." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:23:07Z", "net": "2004-12-24T11:20:00Z", "window_end": "2004-12-24T11:20:00Z", "window_start": "2004-12-24T11:20:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 193, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/193/?format=api", "name": "Russian Space Forces", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 7210, "configuration": { "id": 445, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/445/?format=api", "name": "Tsiklon-3", "family": "Tsiklon", "full_name": "Tsiklon-3", "variant": "3" } }, "mission": { "id": 5599, "name": "Sich-1M", "description": "Ukranian-built remote sensing satellite. Third stage apogee kick burn was too short, raising the perigee of the orbit from 78 km to 280 km, rather than the 650 km planned..", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 127, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/127/?format=api", "agency_id": 63, "name": "32/2", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_32", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.9063889,40.7844727", "latitude": "62.9063889", "longitude": "40.7844727", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. 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