Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&offset=6690&ordering=-net
{ "count": 7507, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=6700&ordering=-net", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=6680&ordering=-net", "results": [ { "id": "035e080a-88dd-4654-a0bd-f921a644fc91", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/035e080a-88dd-4654-a0bd-f921a644fc91/?format=api", "slug": "r-36o-8k69-ogch-14", "name": "R-36O 8K69 | OGCh 14", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:26:35Z", "net": "1967-09-22T14:05:05Z", "window_end": "1967-09-22T14:05:05Z", "window_start": "1967-09-22T14:05:05Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 3707, "configuration": { "id": 351, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/351/?format=api", "name": "R-36O 8K69", "family": "R-36O", "full_name": "R-36O 8K69", "variant": "8K69" } }, "mission": { "id": 2125, "name": "OGCh 14", "description": "Missile equipped with the 8F021 warhead", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 161, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/161/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "162/36", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=46.032,63.064806", "latitude": "46.032", "longitude": "63.064806", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1555, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_161_20200803143442.jpg", "total_launch_count": 9, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 9 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 749, "location_launch_attempt_count": 192, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 6, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 265, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 101, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 26, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 50, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "05c78ae8-6d41-414f-9fda-52335c6143c0", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/05c78ae8-6d41-414f-9fda-52335c6143c0/?format=api", "slug": "titan-iiib-kh-8-8", "name": "Titan IIIB | KH-8 8", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:26:28Z", "net": "1967-09-19T18:37:00Z", "window_end": "1967-09-19T18:37:00Z", "window_start": "1967-09-19T18:37:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 161, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/161/?format=api", "name": "United States Air Force", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 3706, "configuration": { "id": 438, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/438/?format=api", "name": "Titan IIIB", "family": "Titan", "full_name": "Titan IIIB", "variant": "IIIB" } }, "mission": { "id": 2124, "name": "KH-8 8", "description": "KH-8 or Gambit-3 was the second generation of Gambit high resolution reconnaissance satellites.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 156, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/156/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Space Launch Complex 4W", "description": "SLC-4W started operations in 1963 as Space Launch Complex 4W, and continued as an operational launch site through 2003. In 2015, SpaceX started conversion of the launch site into Landing Zone LZ-4. Landing operations commenced in 2018 at LZ-4.", "info_url": "http://www.astronautix.com/v/vandenbergslc4w.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base_Space_Launch_Complex_4#SLC-4W", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=34.63312,-120.61584", "latitude": "34.63312", "longitude": "-120.61584", "location": { "id": 11, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/11/?format=api", "name": "Vandenberg SFB, CA, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Vandenberg Space Force Base is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_11_20200803142416.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Los_Angeles", "total_launch_count": 808, "total_landing_count": 26 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_156_20200803143351.jpg", "total_launch_count": 93, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 93 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 748, "location_launch_attempt_count": 277, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 20, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 418, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 100, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 32, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 5, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 46, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "0e02057f-1120-4532-8edf-c2d2d122bf0f", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/0e02057f-1120-4532-8edf-c2d2d122bf0f/?format=api", "slug": "r-36o-8k69-ogch-13", "name": "R-36O 8K69 | OGCh 13", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:26:32Z", "net": "1967-09-19T14:45:03Z", "window_end": "1967-09-19T14:45:03Z", "window_start": "1967-09-19T14:45:03Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 3705, "configuration": { "id": 351, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/351/?format=api", "name": "R-36O 8K69", "family": "R-36O", "full_name": "R-36O 8K69", "variant": "8K69" } }, "mission": { "id": 2123, "name": "OGCh 13", "description": "Missile equipped with the 8F021 warhead", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 160, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/160/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "161/35", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=46.034,63.060806", "latitude": "46.034", "longitude": "63.060806", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1555, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_160_20200803143414.jpg", "total_launch_count": 7, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 747, "location_launch_attempt_count": 191, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 4, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 264, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 99, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 25, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 49, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "31e20b2a-bdc5-421f-8607-81d884d61862", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/31e20b2a-bdc5-421f-8607-81d884d61862/?format=api", "slug": "voskhod-zenit-2-53", "name": "Voskhod | Zenit-2 53", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:48:43Z", "net": "1967-09-16T06:06:00Z", "window_end": "1967-09-16T06:06:00Z", "window_start": "1967-09-16T06:06:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 3704, "configuration": { "id": 104, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/104/?format=api", "name": "Voskhod", "family": "R-7", "full_name": "Voskhod", "variant": "Voskhod" } }, "mission": { "id": 2122, "name": "Zenit-2 53", "description": "Zenit-2 film-return and ELINT reconnaissance satellite.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 32, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/32/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "1/5", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.92,63.342", "latitude": "45.92", "longitude": "63.342", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1555, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_32_20200803143513.jpg", "total_launch_count": 487, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 487 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 746, "location_launch_attempt_count": 190, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 97, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 263, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 98, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 24, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 13, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 48, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "4f27c20e-8a4e-4845-8de9-482417a39626", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/4f27c20e-8a4e-4845-8de9-482417a39626/?format=api", "slug": "thorad-slv-2g-agena-d-kh-4b-1", "name": "Thorad SLV-2G Agena D | KH-4B 1", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:18:26Z", "net": "1967-09-15T19:41:15Z", "window_end": "1967-09-15T19:41:15Z", "window_start": "1967-09-15T19:41:15Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 161, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/161/?format=api", "name": "United States Air Force", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 3703, "configuration": { "id": 418, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/418/?format=api", "name": "Thorad SLV-2G Agena D", "family": "Thor", "full_name": "Thorad SLV-2G Agena D", "variant": "SLV-2G Agena D" } }, "mission": { "id": 2121, "name": "KH-4B 1", "description": "The KH-4B (Keyhole-4B) was sixth optical reconnaissance satellite version in the Corona-program.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 95, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/95/?format=api", "agency_id": 161, "name": "Space Launch Complex 1W", "description": "Space Launch Complex 1 West (SLC-1W) was a launch pad at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, United States. It was built in 1958 for the never activated 75th Strategic Missile Squadron for Thor Agena A launches.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_1", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=34.7572,-120.6303", "latitude": "34.7572", "longitude": "-120.6303", "location": { "id": 11, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/11/?format=api", "name": "Vandenberg SFB, CA, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Vandenberg Space Force Base is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_11_20200803142416.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Los_Angeles", "total_launch_count": 808, "total_landing_count": 26 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_95_20200803143209.jpg", "total_launch_count": 56, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 56 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 745, "location_launch_attempt_count": 276, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 48, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 417, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 97, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 31, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 45, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "fb6e81f6-cc91-47da-ace7-5788a63304fa", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/fb6e81f6-cc91-47da-ace7-5788a63304fa/?format=api", "slug": "kosmos-11k63-ds-p1-yu-10", "name": "Kosmos 11K63 | DS-P1-Yu 10", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:31:46Z", "net": "1967-09-12T17:00:00Z", "window_end": "1967-09-12T17:00:00Z", "window_start": "1967-09-12T17:00:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 3702, "configuration": { "id": 327, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/327/?format=api", "name": "Kosmos 11K63", "family": "Kosmos", "full_name": "Kosmos 11K63", "variant": "11K63" } }, "mission": { "id": 2120, "name": "DS-P1-Yu 10", "description": "The DS-P1-Yu series of satellites was used to calibrate space surveillance and early warning radars.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Test Target", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 3, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/3/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "133/3 (133L)", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.886999,40.846984", "latitude": "62.886999", "longitude": "40.846984", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1675, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_3_20200803143438.jpg", "total_launch_count": 159, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 159 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 744, "location_launch_attempt_count": 26, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 5, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 262, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 96, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 19, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 5, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 47, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "aa3fa12b-d28d-43a5-aacd-70b64ee8d26b", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/aa3fa12b-d28d-43a5-aacd-70b64ee8d26b/?format=api", "slug": "voskhod-zenit-4-34", "name": "Voskhod | Zenit-4 34", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:29:15Z", "net": "1967-09-11T10:30:00Z", "window_end": "1967-09-11T10:30:00Z", "window_start": "1967-09-11T10:30:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 3701, "configuration": { "id": 104, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/104/?format=api", "name": "Voskhod", "family": "R-7", "full_name": "Voskhod", "variant": "Voskhod" } }, "mission": { "id": 2119, "name": "Zenit-4 34", "description": "Zenit-4 film-return reconnaissance satellite.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 168, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/168/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "41/1", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.941,40.526806", "latitude": "62.941", "longitude": "40.526806", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. 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