Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&offset=6660&ordering=id
{ "count": 7872, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=6670&ordering=id", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=6650&ordering=id", "results": [ { "id": "d793ba47-faf5-4bab-a386-39a9ccc49c90", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/d793ba47-faf5-4bab-a386-39a9ccc49c90/?format=api", "slug": "soyuz-21a-progress-ms-35-96p", "name": "Soyuz 2.1a | Progress MS-35 (96P)", "status": { "id": 8, "name": "To Be Confirmed", "abbrev": "TBC", "description": "Awaiting official confirmation - current date is known with some certainty." }, "last_updated": "2026-04-29T21:01:46Z", "net": "2026-09-09T16:10:00Z", "window_end": "2026-09-09T16:10:00Z", "window_start": "2026-09-09T16:10:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 1, "name": "Minute", "abbrev": "MIN", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the minute." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 8860, "configuration": { "id": 24, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/24/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz 2.1a", "family": "Soyuz", "full_name": "Soyuz 2.1a", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 7451, "name": "Progress MS-35 (96P)", "description": "Progress resupply mission to the International Space Station.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Resupply", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [ { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 341, "consecutive_successful_launches": 65, "successful_launches": 330, "failed_launches": 11, "pending_launches": 3, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "info_url": "https://en.roscosmos.ru/", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Federal_Space_Agency", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "nation_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_nation_20230531052758.jpg" } ], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 20, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/20/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "31/6", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_31", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.996034,63.564003", "latitude": "45.996034", "longitude": "63.564003", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1563, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_20_20200803143516.jpg", "total_launch_count": 428, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 428 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz_2.1a_image_20230805184309.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/17/?format=api", "name": "International Space Station", "description": "The International Space Station programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the sixteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilization, and responsibilities for crew rotation and resupply of the International Space Station. It was conceived in 1984 by President Ronald Reagan, during the Space Station Freedom project as it was originally called.", "agencies": [ { "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/16/?format=api", "name": "Canadian Space Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "type": "Multinational" }, { "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/international2_program_20201129184745.png", "start_date": "1998-11-20T06:40:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7339, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1565, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 430, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 344, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 166, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "d7a0d138-0415-4e7a-a822-b5d55dbcf465", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/d7a0d138-0415-4e7a-a822-b5d55dbcf465/?format=api", "slug": "kosmos-3m-nadezhda-4", "name": "Kosmos-3M | Nadezhda 4", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:31:44Z", "net": "1989-07-04T15:21:36Z", "window_end": "1989-07-04T15:21:36Z", "window_start": "1989-07-04T15:21:36Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 6186, "configuration": { "id": 102, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/102/?format=api", "name": "Kosmos-3M", "family": "Kosmos", "full_name": "Kosmos-3M (11K65M)", "variant": "-3M" } }, "mission": { "id": 4576, "name": "Nadezhda 4", "description": "Civilian navigation satellite equivalent to the purely military Parus", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Navigation", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 3, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/3/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "133/3 (133L)", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.886999,40.846984", "latitude": "62.886999", "longitude": "40.846984", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1685, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_3_20200803143438.jpg", "total_launch_count": 159, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 159 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/kosmos-3m_durin_image_20251101171325.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3425, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1272, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 104, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 2280, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 51, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 25, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 39, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "d7a5ffa6-6fb6-4212-8121-73c70ca3f6e0", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/d7a5ffa6-6fb6-4212-8121-73c70ca3f6e0/?format=api", "slug": "kosmos-3m-ds-p1-m-9-kosmos-839", "name": "Kosmos-3M | DS-P1-M 9 (Kosmos-839)", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:43:55Z", "net": "1976-07-08T21:08:00Z", "window_end": "1976-07-08T21:08:00Z", "window_start": "1976-07-08T21:08:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 4729, "configuration": { "id": 102, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/102/?format=api", "name": "Kosmos-3M", "family": "Kosmos", "full_name": "Kosmos-3M (11K65M)", "variant": "-3M" } }, "mission": { "id": 3147, "name": "DS-P1-M 9", "description": "ASAT target satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Test Target", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 28, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/28/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "132/1 (132L)", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.883229,40.868549", "latitude": "62.883229", "longitude": "40.868549", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1685, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_28_20200803143254.jpg", "total_launch_count": 212, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 212 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/kosmos-3m_durin_image_20251101171325.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 1850, "location_launch_attempt_count": 491, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 57, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 1027, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 67, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 33, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 11, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 48, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "d7a9bd30-2a64-40c0-8f80-271de488c38a", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/d7a9bd30-2a64-40c0-8f80-271de488c38a/?format=api", "slug": "molniya-m-us-k-23", "name": "Molniya-M | US-K 23", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:50:21Z", "net": "1981-10-31T22:53:31Z", "window_end": "1981-10-31T22:53:31Z", "window_start": "1981-10-31T22:53:31Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 5339, "configuration": { "id": 106, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/106/?format=api", "name": "Molniya-M", "family": "R-7", "full_name": "Molniya-M 2BL", "variant": "2BL" } }, "mission": { "id": 3747, "name": "US-K 23", "description": "Early warning satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 0, "name": "Elliptical Orbit", "abbrev": "Elliptical" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 35, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/35/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "16/2", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.960091,40.682983", "latitude": "62.960091", "longitude": "40.682983", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1685, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_35_20200803143306.jpg", "total_launch_count": 136, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 136 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/molniya_m_image_20251102061752.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 2501, "location_launch_attempt_count": 842, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 1540, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 110, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 55, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 89, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "d7bade8a-4213-4df3-a9af-ae44dfcd0b69", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/d7bade8a-4213-4df3-a9af-ae44dfcd0b69/?format=api", "slug": "long-march-4c-yaogan-17a-b-c", "name": "Long March 4C | Yaogan 17A, B & C", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-11-13T17:32:55Z", "net": "2013-09-01T19:16:00Z", "window_end": "2013-09-01T19:16:00Z", "window_start": "2013-09-01T19:16:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 88, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/88/?format=api", "name": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 1698, "configuration": { "id": 64, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/64/?format=api", "name": "Long March 4C", "family": "Long March", "full_name": "Long March 4C", "variant": "C" } }, "mission": null, "pad": { "id": 22, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/22/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Launch Area 94 (SLS-2 / 603)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiuquan_Launch_Area_4", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=40.960482,100.298059", "latitude": "40.960482", "longitude": "100.298059", "location": { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/17/?format=api", "name": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, People's Republic of China", "country_code": "CHN", "description": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is a Chinese spaceport located between the Ejin, Alxa, Inner Mongolia and Hangtian Town, Jinta County, Jiuquan, Gansu Province. It is part of the Dongfeng Aerospace City (Base 10).", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_17_20200803142429.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Shanghai", "total_launch_count": 286, "total_landing_count": 2 }, "country_code": "CHN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_22_20200803143437.jpg", "total_launch_count": 136, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 136 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/long_march_4c_image_20230801172338.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5316, "location_launch_attempt_count": 66, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 27, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 126, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 48, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "d7ca7fcd-dd03-494b-8488-1d7528405e35", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/d7ca7fcd-dd03-494b-8488-1d7528405e35/?format=api", "slug": "molniya-m-molniya-3-59l", "name": "Molniya-M | Molniya-3 59L", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:51:47Z", "net": "1995-08-09T02:21:00Z", "window_end": "1995-08-09T02:21:00Z", "window_start": "1995-08-09T02:21:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 111, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/111/?format=api", "name": "Progress Rocket Space Center", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 6676, "configuration": { "id": 106, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/106/?format=api", "name": "Molniya-M", "family": "R-7", "full_name": "Molniya-M 2BL", "variant": "2BL" } }, "mission": { "id": 5066, "name": "Molniya-3 59L", "description": "Molniya communication satellites operating from a highly elliptical orbit", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 0, "name": "Elliptical Orbit", "abbrev": "Elliptical" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 36, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/36/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "43/3 (43L)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": null, "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.9273,40.45", "latitude": "62.9273", "longitude": "40.45", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. 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