Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&offset=4400&ordering=id
{ "count": 7507, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=4410&ordering=id", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=4390&ordering=id", "results": [ { "id": "962d662c-ba79-417f-86ed-8f636e2856e9", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/962d662c-ba79-417f-86ed-8f636e2856e9/?format=api", "slug": "long-march-2d-yaogan-30", "name": "Long March 2D | Yaogan-30", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T15:48:08Z", "net": "2016-05-15T02:43:00Z", "window_end": "2016-05-15T03:03:00Z", "window_start": "2016-05-15T02:36:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": -1, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 88, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/88/?format=api", "name": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 1926, "configuration": { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/17/?format=api", "name": "Long March 2D", "family": "Long March", "full_name": "Long March 2D", "variant": "2D" } }, "mission": { "id": 153, "name": "Yaogan-30", "description": "The satellite will be used for experiments, land surveys, crop yield estimates and disaster relief.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 22, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/22/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Launch Area 4 (SLS-2 / 603)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiuquan_Launch_Area_4", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=40.960482,100.298059", "latitude": "40.960482", "longitude": "100.298059", "location": { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/17/?format=api", "name": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, People's Republic of China", "country_code": "CHN", "description": "Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is a Chinese spaceport located between the Ejin, Alxa, Inner Mongolia and Hangtian Town, Jinta County, Jiuquan, Gansu Province. It is part of the Dongfeng Aerospace City (Base 10).", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_17_20200803142429.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Shanghai", "total_launch_count": 251, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "CHN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_22_20200803143437.jpg", "total_launch_count": 124, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 124 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/long2520march25202d_image_20190222031211.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5558, "location_launch_attempt_count": 84, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 42, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 173, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 29, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 5, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "962f4ad2-81e0-43f9-8148-fb78f52cb0f5", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/962f4ad2-81e0-43f9-8148-fb78f52cb0f5/?format=api", "slug": "vostok-8k72-korabl-sputnik-2", "name": "Vostok 8K72 | Korabl-Sputnik (2)", "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Launch Failure", "abbrev": "Failure", "description": "Either the launch vehicle did not reach orbit, or the payload(s) failed to separate." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:48:26Z", "net": "1960-07-28T09:31:00Z", "window_end": "1960-07-28T09:31:00Z", "window_start": "1960-07-28T09:31:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 3072, "configuration": { "id": 453, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/453/?format=api", "name": "Vostok 8K72", "family": "Vostok", "full_name": "Vostok 8K72", "variant": "8K72" } }, "mission": { "id": 1494, "name": "Korabl-Sputnik (2)", "description": "A test of the Vostok capsule carrying a pair of dogs. Unfortunately this failed after a failure of the booster.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Test Flight", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 32, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/32/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "1/5", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.92,63.342", "latitude": "45.92", "longitude": "63.342", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1555, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_32_20200803143513.jpg", "total_launch_count": 487, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 487 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 9, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/9/?format=api", "name": "Vostok", "description": "The Vostok programme was a Soviet human spaceflight project to put the first Soviet citizens into low Earth orbit and return them safely. Competing with the United States Project Mercury, it succeeded in placing the first human into space, Yuri Gagarin, in a single orbit in Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961.", "agencies": [ { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/vostok_program_20210417063956.png", "start_date": "1961-04-12T06:07:00Z", "end_date": "1963-06-19T08:20:00Z", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_programme", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 70, "location_launch_attempt_count": 15, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 15, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 15, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 16, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "9633c43d-c951-4e6d-be7a-dadd74f99734", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/9633c43d-c951-4e6d-be7a-dadd74f99734/?format=api", "slug": "kairos-maiden-flight", "name": "KAIROS | Maiden Flight", "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Launch Failure", "abbrev": "Failure", "description": "Either the launch vehicle did not reach orbit, or the payload(s) failed to separate." }, "last_updated": "2024-03-13T08:51:13Z", "net": "2024-03-13T02:01:12Z", "window_end": "2024-03-13T02:17:12Z", "window_start": "2024-03-13T02:01:12Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "Vehicle disintegrated several seconds after liftoff with Autonomous Flight Termination System (AFTS) triggered.", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 1083, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/1083/?format=api", "name": "Space One", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 8185, "configuration": { "id": 507, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/507/?format=api", "name": "KAIROS", "family": "", "full_name": "Kii-based Advanced & Instant ROcket System", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 6752, "name": "Maiden Flight", "description": "Carried a prototype \"quick response\" satellite for the Japanese government Cabinet Satellite Intelligence Center, operator of the IGS series of Japanese spysats.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Test Flight", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 220, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/220/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Space One Launch Pad", "description": "", "info_url": "https://www.space-one.co.jp/", "wiki_url": null, "map_url": null, "latitude": "33.544224", "longitude": "135.889502", "location": { "id": 166, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/166/?format=api", "name": "Spaceport Kii, Japan", "country_code": "JPN", "description": "Spaceport Kii is a commercial spaceport located in Kushimoto, Wakayama Prefecture in Japan.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_space_port_kii252c_japan_20240126073749.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Tokyo", "total_launch_count": 2, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "JPN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_space_one_launch_pad_20240126074332.jpg", "total_launch_count": 2, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 2 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/kairos_image_20240216144656.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6637, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 1, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 48, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "9642cfef-4687-495a-af2e-2ac81fa1e12a", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/9642cfef-4687-495a-af2e-2ac81fa1e12a/?format=api", "slug": "falcon-9-block-5-kompsat-7a", "name": "Falcon 9 Block 5 | KOMPSAT-7A", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "To Be Determined", "abbrev": "TBD", "description": "Current date is a placeholder or rough estimation based on unreliable or interpreted sources." }, "last_updated": "2024-03-06T18:15:59Z", "net": "2025-09-30T00:00:00Z", "window_end": "2025-09-30T00:00:00Z", "window_start": "2025-09-30T00:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 7, "name": "Month", "abbrev": "M", "description": "The T-0 is expected in the given month." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 8208, "configuration": { "id": 164, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/164/?format=api", "name": "Falcon 9", "family": "Falcon", "full_name": "Falcon 9 Block 5", "variant": "Block 5" } }, "mission": { "id": 6780, "name": "KOMPSAT-7A", "description": "KOMPSAT-7 and 7A are the follow-up satellites of KOMPSAT-3A, whose mission is to provide high-resolution satellite images to satisfy South-Korea's governmental and institutional needs.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 72, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/72/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Unknown Pad", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.458,-80.528", "latitude": "28.458", "longitude": "-80.528", "location": { "id": 12, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/12/?format=api", "name": "Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_12_20200803142519.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 1025, "total_landing_count": 64 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_72_20200803143403.jpg", "total_launch_count": 0, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 0 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/falcon_9_image_20230807133459.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7013, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1042, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 8, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 534, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 164, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 48, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 8, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 85, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "964f7115-1b72-48c6-8946-7af119d0f544", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/964f7115-1b72-48c6-8946-7af119d0f544/?format=api", "slug": "lambda-4s-ohsumi-5", "name": "Lambda 4S | Ohsumi 5", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-07-07T13:27:04Z", "net": "1970-02-11T04:25:00Z", "window_end": "1970-02-11T04:25:00Z", "window_start": "1970-02-11T04:25:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 1009, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/1009/?format=api", "name": "Institute of Space and Astronautical Science", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 3984, "configuration": { "id": 333, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/333/?format=api", "name": "Lambda 4S", "family": "", "full_name": "Lambda 4S", "variant": "4S" } }, "mission": { "id": 2402, "name": "Ohsumi 5", "description": "Ohsumi was a series of five small satellites built to become the first Japanese satellite on orbit.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Test Flight", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 43, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/43/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "KS Center", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchinoura_Space_Center", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=31.2519752,131.0791609", "latitude": "31.2519752", "longitude": "131.0791609", "location": { "id": 24, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/24/?format=api", "name": "Uchinoura Space Center, Japan", "country_code": "JPN", "description": "The Uchinoura Space Center is a space launch facility in the Japanese town of Kimotsuki, Kagoshima Prefecture. All of Japan's scientific satellites were launched from Uchinoura prior to the M-V launch vehicles being decommissioned in 2006. It continues to be used for suborbital launches, stratospheric balloons and has also been used for the Epsilon orbital launch vehicle. Additionally, the center has antennas for communication with interplanetary space probes.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_24_20200803142411.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Tokyo", "total_launch_count": 43, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "JPN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_43_20200803143309.jpg", "total_launch_count": 7, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 1059, "location_launch_attempt_count": 5, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 5, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 5, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 13, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "966f28d9-3b35-4843-afe8-63f87534450a", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/966f28d9-3b35-4843-afe8-63f87534450a/?format=api", "slug": "titan-iiic-dscs-2-5-6", "name": "Titan IIIC | DSCS-2 5 & 6", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T17:42:13Z", "net": "1975-05-20T14:03:48Z", "window_end": "1975-05-20T14:03:48Z", "window_start": "1975-05-20T14:03:48Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 161, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/161/?format=api", "name": "United States Air Force", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 4581, "configuration": { "id": 439, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/439/?format=api", "name": "Titan IIIC", "family": "Titan", "full_name": "Titan IIIC", "variant": "IIIC" } }, "mission": { "id": 2999, "name": "DSCS-2 5 & 6", "description": "Satellites designed to provide secure voice and data communications for the US military.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 1, "name": "Geostationary Orbit", "abbrev": "Direct-GEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 80, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/80/?format=api", "agency_id": 121, "name": "Space Launch Complex 40", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_40", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.56194122,-80.57735736", "latitude": "28.56194122", "longitude": "-80.57735736", "location": { "id": 12, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/12/?format=api", "name": "Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_12_20200803142519.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 1025, "total_landing_count": 64 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_80_20200803143323.jpg", "total_launch_count": 309, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 309 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 1694, "location_launch_attempt_count": 293, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 12, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 638, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 43, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 9, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "966f4902-d867-4128-91f8-cbe46dfa95fb", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/966f4902-d867-4128-91f8-cbe46dfa95fb/?format=api", "slug": "kosmos-3m-strela-1m-113-120", "name": "Kosmos-3M | Strela-1M 113-120", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:27:30Z", "net": "1976-06-15T13:19:01Z", "window_end": "1976-06-15T13:19:01Z", "window_start": "1976-06-15T13:19:01Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 4717, "configuration": { "id": 102, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/102/?format=api", "name": "Kosmos-3M", "family": "Kosmos", "full_name": "Kosmos-3M (11K65M)", "variant": "-3M" } }, "mission": { "id": 3135, "name": "Strela-1M 113-120", "description": "Military communications satellites", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 167, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/167/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "132/2", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.883,40.869806", "latitude": "62.883", "longitude": "40.869806", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. 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