Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&offset=4370&ordering=-net
{ "count": 7933, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=4380&ordering=-net", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=4360&ordering=-net", "results": [ { "id": "e6ff0679-5221-40a9-9ac2-74569e1f4d9a", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/e6ff0679-5221-40a9-9ac2-74569e1f4d9a/?format=api", "slug": "soyuz-u2-progress-m-3", "name": "Soyuz-U2 | Progress M-3", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:48:34Z", "net": "1990-02-28T23:10:57Z", "window_end": "1990-02-28T23:10:57Z", "window_start": "1990-02-28T23:10:57Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": 0, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": "", "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 2275, "configuration": { "id": 101, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/101/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz-U", "family": "", "full_name": "Soyuz-U2", "variant": "2" } }, "mission": null, "pad": { "id": 32, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/32/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "1/5", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.92,63.342", "latitude": "45.92", "longitude": "63.342", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1564, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_32_20200803143513.jpg", "total_launch_count": 487, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 487 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz-u_image_20191229074852.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/16/?format=api", "name": "Mir", "description": "Mir was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. Mir was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996.", "agencies": [ { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/mir_program_20200821092345.jpeg", "start_date": "1986-02-20T21:28:23Z", "end_date": "2001-03-23T05:59:00Z", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3497, "location_launch_attempt_count": 926, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 287, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 2327, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 21, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 11, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "aebd8e2a-bc14-4448-86e3-9b056da009e1", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/aebd8e2a-bc14-4448-86e3-9b056da009e1/?format=api", "slug": "space-shuttle-atlantis-ov-104-sts-36", "name": "Space Shuttle Atlantis / OV-104 | STS-36", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T08:47:56Z", "net": "1990-02-28T07:50:22Z", "window_end": "1990-02-28T07:50:22Z", "window_start": "1990-02-28T07:50:22Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 192, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/192/?format=api", "name": "Lockheed Space Operations Company", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 333, "configuration": { "id": 493, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/493/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle", "family": "", "full_name": "Space Shuttle", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 720, "name": "STS-36", "description": "STS-36 was the thirty-fourth mission of the shuttle program and the sixth of Atlantis and the fourth night launch of the shuttle program. It was a department of defence mission and so its mission is classified.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 87, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/87/?format=api", "agency_id": 121, "name": "Launch Complex 39A", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39#Launch_Pad_39A", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.60822681,-80.60428186", "latitude": "28.60822681", "longitude": "-80.60428186", "location": { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/27/?format=api", "name": "Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "The John F. Kennedy Space Center, located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of NASA's ten field centers. Since 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of American spaceflight, research, and technology. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS).", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_27_20200803142447.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 281, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_87_20200803143537.jpg", "total_launch_count": 222, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 221 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/space_shuttle_image_20230422074810.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/6/?format=api", "name": "Space Shuttle", "description": "The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011.", "agencies": [ { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/space2520shutt_program_20200820202237.png", "start_date": "1981-04-12T12:00:03Z", "end_date": "2011-07-08T15:29:00Z", "info_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/main/index.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3496, "location_launch_attempt_count": 51, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 38, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 25, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 20, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "5fde28ed-a991-454d-b0cd-b478743f2da2", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/5fde28ed-a991-454d-b0cd-b478743f2da2/?format=api", "slug": "tsiklon-3-okean-o1-5", "name": "Tsiklon-3 | Okean-O1 5", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:23:04Z", "net": "1990-02-28T00:55:00Z", "window_end": "1990-02-28T00:55:00Z", "window_start": "1990-02-28T00:55:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 6248, "configuration": { "id": 445, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/445/?format=api", "name": "Tsiklon-3", "family": "Tsiklon", "full_name": "Tsiklon-3", "variant": "3" } }, "mission": { "id": 4638, "name": "Okean-O1 5", "description": "Ocean observation satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 127, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/127/?format=api", "agency_id": 63, "name": "32/2", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_32", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.9063889,40.7844727", "latitude": "62.9063889", "longitude": "40.7844727", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1686, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_127_20200803143245.jpg", "total_launch_count": 65, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 65 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/tsyklon-3_launc_image_20251112153513.png", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3495, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1301, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 44, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 2326, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 19, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 8, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 10, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "02c07976-1444-4d53-b581-0b91c28d0330", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/02c07976-1444-4d53-b581-0b91c28d0330/?format=api", "slug": "kosmos-3m-nadezhda-5", "name": "Kosmos-3M | Nadezhda 5", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:27:39Z", "net": "1990-02-27T20:59:42Z", "window_end": "1990-02-27T20:59:42Z", "window_start": "1990-02-27T20:59:42Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 6247, "configuration": { "id": 102, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/102/?format=api", "name": "Kosmos-3M", "family": "Kosmos", "full_name": "Kosmos-3M (11K65M)", "variant": "-3M" } }, "mission": { "id": 4637, "name": "Nadezhda 5", "description": "Civilian navigation satellite equivalent to the purely military Parus", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Navigation", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 167, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/167/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "132/2", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.883,40.869806", "latitude": "62.883", "longitude": "40.869806", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1686, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_167_20200803143417.jpg", "total_launch_count": 172, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 172 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/kosmos-3m_durin_image_20251101171325.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3494, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1300, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 171, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 2325, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 18, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 7, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 9, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "dce0b178-8fc2-45d5-a2fc-594ca3e052ad", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/dce0b178-8fc2-45d5-a2fc-594ca3e052ad/?format=api", "slug": "ariane-44l-superbird-b-bs-2x", "name": "Ariane 44L | Superbird B & BS 2x", "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Launch Failure", "abbrev": "Failure", "description": "Either the launch vehicle did not reach orbit, or the payload(s) failed to separate." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:22:19Z", "net": "1990-02-22T23:17:00Z", "window_end": "1990-02-22T23:17:00Z", "window_start": "1990-02-22T23:17:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 115, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/115/?format=api", "name": "Arianespace", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 6246, "configuration": { "id": 225, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/225/?format=api", "name": "Ariane 44L", "family": "Ariane", "full_name": "Ariane 44L", "variant": "44L" } }, "mission": { "id": 4636, "name": "Superbird B & BS 2x", "description": "Japanese communications satellites", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 1, "name": "Geostationary Orbit", "abbrev": "Direct-GEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 124, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/124/?format=api", "agency_id": 115, "name": "Ariane Launch Area 2", "description": "The ELA-2 pad, built in 1986, had been used for Ariane 4 launches from 1988 until 2003. Before 1988, although purpose-built for Ariane 4, the pad hosted an Ariane-2 and two Ariane-3 launches.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELA-2", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=5.232,-52.778194", "latitude": "5.232", "longitude": "-52.778194", "location": { "id": 13, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/13/?format=api", "name": "Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana", "country_code": "GUF", "description": "The Guiana Space Centre is a European spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana, a region of France in South America. Kourou is located at a latitude of 5°. In operation since 1968, it is a suitable location for a spaceport because of its equatorial location and open sea to the east.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_13_20200803142412.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Cayenne", "total_launch_count": 334, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "GUF", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_124_20200803143241.jpg", "total_launch_count": 119, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 119 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ariane_44l_at_e_image_20240401082337.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3493, "location_launch_attempt_count": 45, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 11, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 35, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 17, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "0a1c807b-a03d-4a5c-b310-e715b790a5f5", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/0a1c807b-a03d-4a5c-b310-e715b790a5f5/?format=api", "slug": "proton-raduga-25", "name": "Proton | Raduga 25", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:46:12Z", "net": "1990-02-15T07:52:00Z", "window_end": "1990-02-15T07:52:00Z", "window_start": "1990-02-15T07:52:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 6245, "configuration": { "id": 80, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/80/?format=api", "name": "Proton", "family": "Proton / UR-500", "full_name": "Proton K/DM-2", "variant": "K/DM-2" } }, "mission": { "id": 4635, "name": "Raduga 25", "description": "Geostationary communications satellite for military and governmental puposes", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 1, "name": "Geostationary Orbit", "abbrev": "Direct-GEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 31, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/31/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "81/23 (81L)", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=46.073997,62.977999", "latitude": "46.073997", "longitude": "62.977999", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1564, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_31_20200803143402.jpg", "total_launch_count": 104, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 104 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/proton_image_20231231095535.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3492, "location_launch_attempt_count": 925, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 37, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 2324, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 16, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 8, "type": "normal" }, { "id": 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"name": "Soyuz TM-9", "description": "Soyuz TM-9 was the ninth mission and the sixth long-duration expedition to Mir space station. The mission began on February 11, 1990, 06:16:00 UTC, launching Commander Anatoly Solovyev and Flight Engineer Aleksandr Balandin into orbit. They docked with Mir two days later. During their stay there, cosmonauts performed two EVAs, various station maintenance tasks, and carried out scientific experiments in biology, geophysics, space technology, astronomy etc. \nThe mission concluded with a safe landing back on Earth on August 9, 1990, 07:33:57 UTC.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Human Exploration", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 32, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/32/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "1/5", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.92,63.342", "latitude": "45.92", "longitude": "63.342", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. 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Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. 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