Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&offset=3770&ordering=-net
{ "count": 7496, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=3780&ordering=-net", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=3760&ordering=-net", "results": [ { "id": "18e6e53f-bfd1-4c4a-889a-665d3ad3aab3", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/18e6e53f-bfd1-4c4a-889a-665d3ad3aab3/?format=api", "slug": "vostok-8a92m-irs-1b", "name": "Vostok 8A92M | IRS-1B", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:40:58Z", "net": "1991-08-29T06:48:43Z", "window_end": "1991-08-29T06:48:43Z", "window_start": "1991-08-29T06:48:43Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 6391, "configuration": { "id": 452, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/452/?format=api", "name": "Vostok 8A92M", "family": "Vostok", "full_name": "Vostok 8A92M", "variant": "8A92M" } }, "mission": { "id": 4781, "name": "IRS-1B", "description": "Indian remote sensing satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 20, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/20/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "31/6", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_31", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.996034,63.564003", "latitude": "45.996034", "longitude": "63.564003", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1555, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_20_20200803143516.jpg", "total_launch_count": 422, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 422 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3660, "location_launch_attempt_count": 966, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 308, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 2438, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 63, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 14, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 43, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "4fabcd72-51ef-491e-8712-9dee11c6069c", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/4fabcd72-51ef-491e-8712-9dee11c6069c/?format=api", "slug": "h-1-yuri-3b", "name": "H-1 | Yuri 3B", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-07-07T13:10:13Z", "net": "1991-08-25T08:40:00Z", "window_end": "1991-08-25T08:40:00Z", "window_start": "1991-08-25T08:40:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 98, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/98/?format=api", "name": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 6390, "configuration": { "id": 319, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/319/?format=api", "name": "H-1", "family": "", "full_name": "H-I", "variant": "I" } }, "mission": { "id": 4780, "name": "Yuri 3B", "description": "The BS-3 or Yuri 3 satellites were a series of Japanese direct broadcasting satellites.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 1, "name": "Geostationary Orbit", "abbrev": "Direct-GEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 10, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/10/?format=api", "agency_id": 37, "name": "Osaki Launch Complex", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanegashima_Space_Center", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=30.3993934,130.9702486", "latitude": "30.3993934", "longitude": "130.9702486", "location": { "id": 26, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/26/?format=api", "name": "Tanegashima Space Center, Japan", "country_code": "JPN", "description": "The Tanegashima Space Center is the largest rocket-launch complex in Japan. It is located on the southeastern tip of Tanegashima, an island located south of Kyushu, an island and region and Japan. It was established in 1969 when the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) was formed, and is now run by JAXA. The activities that take place at TNSC include assembly, testing, launching, and tracking satellites, as well as rocket engine firing tests.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_26_20200803142507.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Tokyo", "total_launch_count": 94, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "JPN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_10_20200803143519.jpg", "total_launch_count": 24, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 24 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/h-1_image_20240210175424.png", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3659, "location_launch_attempt_count": 23, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 23, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 8, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 62, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "98851cc0-292b-4d21-80a8-85535e974746", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/98851cc0-292b-4d21-80a8-85535e974746/?format=api", "slug": "kosmos-3m-parus-73", "name": "Kosmos-3M | Parus 73", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:43:52Z", "net": "1991-08-22T12:35:46Z", "window_end": "1991-08-22T12:35:46Z", "window_start": "1991-08-22T12:35:46Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 6389, "configuration": { "id": 102, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/102/?format=api", "name": "Kosmos-3M", "family": "Kosmos", "full_name": "Kosmos-3M (11K65M)", "variant": "-3M" } }, "mission": { "id": 4779, "name": "Parus 73", "description": "Navigation satellite providing location information for the Tsiklon-B navigation system", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Navigation", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 28, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/28/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "132/1 (132L)", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.883229,40.868549", "latitude": "62.883229", "longitude": "40.868549", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_28_20200803143254.jpg", "total_launch_count": 212, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 212 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3658, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1372, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 164, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 2437, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 61, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 29, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 42, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "5e988c4f-7193-4598-9cbb-ac1189f68d72", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/5e988c4f-7193-4598-9cbb-ac1189f68d72/?format=api", "slug": "soyuz-u-pvb-resurs-f2-7", "name": "Soyuz-U-PVB | Resurs-F2 7", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:51:36Z", "net": "1991-08-21T10:50:00Z", "window_end": "1991-08-21T10:50:00Z", "window_start": "1991-08-21T10:50:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 6388, "configuration": { "id": 378, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/378/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz-U-PVB", "family": "Soyuz", "full_name": "Soyuz-U-PVB", "variant": "U-PVB" } }, "mission": { "id": 4778, "name": "Resurs-F2 7", "description": "Film-return reconnaissance satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 36, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/36/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "43/3 (43L)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": null, "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.9273,40.45", "latitude": "62.9273", "longitude": "40.45", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_36_20200803143534.jpg", "total_launch_count": 230, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 230 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3657, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1371, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 182, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 2436, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 60, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 28, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 41, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "6f971da4-6060-434f-a245-22a1cd53a1ac", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/6f971da4-6060-434f-a245-22a1cd53a1ac/?format=api", "slug": "soyuz-u2-progress-m-9", "name": "Soyuz-U2 | Progress M-9", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:48:26Z", "net": "1991-08-20T22:54:10Z", "window_end": "1991-08-20T22:54:10Z", "window_start": "1991-08-20T22:54:10Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": 0, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": "", "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 2282, "configuration": { "id": 101, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/101/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz-U", "family": "", "full_name": "Soyuz-U2", "variant": "2" } }, "mission": null, "pad": { "id": 32, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/32/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "1/5", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.92,63.342", "latitude": "45.92", "longitude": "63.342", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1555, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_32_20200803143513.jpg", "total_launch_count": 487, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 487 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz-u_image_20191229074852.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/16/?format=api", "name": "Mir", "description": "Mir was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. Mir was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996.", "agencies": [ { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/mir_program_20200821092345.jpeg", "start_date": "1986-02-20T21:28:23Z", "end_date": "2001-03-23T05:59:00Z", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3656, "location_launch_attempt_count": 965, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 303, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 2435, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 3656, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 13, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 40, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "f2a2f700-33b6-4d01-9eb4-88cb614b7f5f", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/f2a2f700-33b6-4d01-9eb4-88cb614b7f5f/?format=api", "slug": "tsiklon-3-meteor-3-5", "name": "Tsiklon-3 | Meteor-3 5", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:23:07Z", "net": "1991-08-15T09:15:00Z", "window_end": "1991-08-15T09:15:00Z", "window_start": "1991-08-15T09:15:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 6387, "configuration": { "id": 445, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/445/?format=api", "name": "Tsiklon-3", "family": "Tsiklon", "full_name": "Tsiklon-3", "variant": "3" } }, "mission": { "id": 4777, "name": "Meteor-3 5", "description": "Third generation meteorological satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 127, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/127/?format=api", "agency_id": 63, "name": "32/2", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_32", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.9063889,40.7844727", "latitude": "62.9063889", "longitude": "40.7844727", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_127_20200803143245.jpg", "total_launch_count": 65, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 65 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3655, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1370, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 52, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 2434, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 58, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 27, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 5, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 39, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "194dfd5d-5e62-40a2-bdee-fed4ba3f4b86", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/194dfd5d-5e62-40a2-bdee-fed4ba3f4b86/?format=api", "slug": "ariane-44l-intelsat-605", "name": "Ariane 44L | Intelsat 605", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:22:21Z", "net": "1991-08-14T23:15:13Z", "window_end": "1991-08-14T23:15:13Z", "window_start": "1991-08-14T23:15:13Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 115, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/115/?format=api", "name": "Arianespace", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 6386, "configuration": { "id": 225, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/225/?format=api", "name": "Ariane 44L", "family": "Ariane", "full_name": "Ariane 44L", "variant": "44L" } }, "mission": { "id": 4776, "name": "Intelsat 605", "description": "Geostationary communications satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 1, "name": "Geostationary Orbit", "abbrev": "Direct-GEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 124, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/124/?format=api", "agency_id": 115, "name": "Ariane Launch Area 2", "description": "The ELA-2 pad, built in 1986, had been used for Ariane 4 launches from 1988 until 2003. 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