Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&offset=3680&ordering=id
https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=3690&ordering=id", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=3670&ordering=id", "results": [ { "id": "7f854a08-ea51-4470-9b80-84fb2252c9fe", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/7f854a08-ea51-4470-9b80-84fb2252c9fe/?format=api", "slug": "electron-live-and-let-fly-nrol-123", "name": "Electron | Live and Let Fly (NROL-123)", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-03-22T07:12:19Z", "net": "2024-03-21T07:25:00Z", "window_end": "2024-03-21T07:25:00Z", "window_start": "2024-03-21T05:30:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": 80, "weather_concerns": "Ground Winds", "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 147, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/147/?format=api", "name": "Rocket Lab", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 8204, "configuration": { "id": 26, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/26/?format=api", "name": "Electron", "family": "", "full_name": "Electron", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 6775, "name": "Live and Let Fly (NROL-123)", "description": "Mission for the National Reconnaissance Office.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [ { "id": 181, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/181/?format=api", "name": "National Reconnaissance Office", "featured": false, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NRO", "description": "The National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) is a member of the United States Intelligence Community and an agency of the United States Department of Defense which designs, builds, launches, and operates the reconnaissance satellites of the U.S. federal government, and provides satellite intelligence to several government agencies, particularly signals intelligence (SIGINT) to the NSA, imagery intelligence (IMINT) to the NGA, and measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT) to the DIA.", "administrator": "Director: Christopher Scolese", "founding_year": "1961", "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 0, "consecutive_successful_launches": 0, "successful_launches": 0, "failed_launches": 0, "pending_launches": 0, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "info_url": "http://www.nro.gov/", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office", "logo_url": null, "image_url": null, "nation_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520reconnaissance2520office_nation_20240228092125.png" } ], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 79, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/79/?format=api", "agency_id": 147, "name": "Rocket Lab Launch Complex 2 (Launch Area 0 C)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": null, "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=37.833262,-75.488235", "latitude": "37.833262", "longitude": "-75.488235", "location": { "id": 21, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/21/?format=api", "name": "Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Wallops Flight Facility is a rocket launch site on Wallops Island on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, United States, just east of the Delmarva Peninsula and north-northeast of Norfolk. The facility is operated by the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and primarily serves to support science and exploration missions for NASA and other federal agencies. WFF includes an extensively instrumented range to support launches of more than a dozen types of sounding rockets; small expendable suborbital and orbital rockets; high-altitude balloon flights carrying scientific instruments for atmospheric and astronomical research; and, using its Research Airport, flight tests of aeronautical research aircraft, including uncrewed aerial vehicles.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_21_20200803142423.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 80, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_79_20200803143607.jpg", "total_launch_count": 6, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/electron_liftof_image_20240322071200.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6643, "location_launch_attempt_count": 78, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 4, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 46, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 54, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "7f935a77-99ad-40dc-9dcd-9f63f04c79fe", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/7f935a77-99ad-40dc-9dcd-9f63f04c79fe/?format=api", "slug": "atlas-agena-b-ranger-4", "name": "Atlas Agena B | Ranger 4", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T17:40:07Z", "net": "1962-04-23T20:50:00Z", "window_end": "1962-04-23T20:50:00Z", "window_start": "1962-04-23T20:50:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 161, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/161/?format=api", "name": "United States Air Force", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 3115, "configuration": { "id": 183, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/183/?format=api", "name": "Atlas Agena B", "family": "Atlas", "full_name": "Atlas LV-3 Agena B", "variant": "LV-3 Agena B" } }, "mission": { "id": 1537, "name": "Ranger 4", "description": "Ranger 4 was a spacecraft designed to softly impact the lunar surface. Its solar panels were never extended and its sun and earth acquisition system was not initiated due to a failure of a timer in its central computer. It impacted the far side of the Moon on April 26 after 64 hours of flight.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Lunar Exploration", "orbit": { "id": 10, "name": "Lunar Impactor", "abbrev": "Lunar Impactor" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 99, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/99/?format=api", "agency_id": 161, "name": "Launch Complex 12", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Launch_Complex_12", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.480607,-80.541938", "latitude": "28.480607", "longitude": "-80.541938", "location": { "id": 12, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/12/?format=api", "name": "Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_12_20200803142519.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 1021, "total_landing_count": 64 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_99_20200803143435.jpg", "total_launch_count": 23, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 21 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 157, "location_launch_attempt_count": 78, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 6, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 82, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 15, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 11, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "7f9ad01e-3b36-4f10-9613-3d41a710865b", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/7f9ad01e-3b36-4f10-9613-3d41a710865b/?format=api", "slug": "kosmos-3m-parus-4", "name": "Kosmos-3M | Parus 4", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:43:48Z", "net": "1975-11-04T10:12:53Z", "window_end": "1975-11-04T10:12:53Z", "window_start": "1975-11-04T10:12:53Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 4640, "configuration": { "id": 102, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/102/?format=api", "name": "Kosmos-3M", "family": "Kosmos", "full_name": "Kosmos-3M (11K65M)", "variant": "-3M" } }, "mission": { "id": 3058, "name": "Parus 4", "description": "Navigation satellite providing location information for the Tsiklon-B navigation system", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Navigation", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 28, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/28/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "132/1 (132L)", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.883229,40.868549", "latitude": "62.883229", "longitude": "40.868549", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_28_20200803143254.jpg", "total_launch_count": 212, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 212 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 1759, "location_launch_attempt_count": 447, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 42, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 962, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 108, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 52, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 13, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 76, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "7fa6df41-b4ba-41db-bd7f-b142608f65db", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/7fa6df41-b4ba-41db-bd7f-b142608f65db/?format=api", "slug": "molniya-m-molniya-1k-35", "name": "Molniya-M | Molniya-1K 35", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:48:44Z", "net": "1976-07-23T15:49:00Z", "window_end": "1976-07-23T15:49:00Z", "window_start": "1976-07-23T15:49:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 4737, "configuration": { "id": 106, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/106/?format=api", "name": "Molniya-M", "family": "R-7", "full_name": "Molniya-M 2BL", "variant": "2BL" } }, "mission": { "id": 3155, "name": "Molniya-1K 35", "description": "Military communications satellite in a highly elliptic orbit", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 0, "name": "Elliptical Orbit", "abbrev": "Elliptical" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 32, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/32/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "1/5", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.92,63.342", "latitude": "45.92", "longitude": "63.342", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1555, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_32_20200803143513.jpg", "total_launch_count": 487, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 487 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 1858, "location_launch_attempt_count": 460, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 155, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 1033, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 75, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 17, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 54, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "7fc31961-b46f-4a45-9b1d-3caece884f61", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/7fc31961-b46f-4a45-9b1d-3caece884f61/?format=api", "slug": "falcon-9-block-5-starlink-group-6-17", "name": "Falcon 9 Block 5 | Starlink Group 6-17", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-03-05T18:10:07Z", "net": "2023-09-20T03:38:10Z", "window_end": "2023-09-20T05:46:30Z", "window_start": "2023-09-20T02:47:40Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": 60, "weather_concerns": "Cumulus Cloud Rule", "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 7869, "configuration": { "id": 164, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/164/?format=api", "name": "Falcon 9", "family": "Falcon", "full_name": "Falcon 9 Block 5", "variant": "Block 5" } }, "mission": { "id": 6377, "name": "Starlink Group 6-17", "description": "A batch of 22 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [ { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "featured": true, "type": "Commercial", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "SpX", "description": "Space Exploration Technologies Corp., known as SpaceX, is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company headquartered in Hawthorne, California. It was founded in 2002 by entrepreneur Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs and enabling the colonization of Mars. SpaceX operates from many pads, on the East Coast of the US they operate from SLC-40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and historic LC-39A at Kennedy Space Center. They also operate from SLC-4E at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, usually for polar launches. Another launch site is being developed at Boca Chica, Texas.", "administrator": "CEO: Elon Musk", "founding_year": "2002", "launchers": "Falcon | Starship", "spacecraft": "Dragon", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 504, "consecutive_successful_launches": 27, "successful_launches": 490, "failed_launches": 14, "pending_launches": 118, "consecutive_successful_landings": 73, "successful_landings": 451, "failed_landings": 26, "attempted_landings": 476, "info_url": "http://www.spacex.com/", "wiki_url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex_logo_20220826094919.png", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex_image_20190207032501.jpeg", "nation_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex_nation_20230531064544.jpg" } ], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 80, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/80/?format=api", "agency_id": 121, "name": "Space Launch Complex 40", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_40", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.56194122,-80.57735736", "latitude": "28.56194122", "longitude": "-80.57735736", "location": { "id": 12, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/12/?format=api", "name": "Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_12_20200803142519.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 1021, "total_landing_count": 64 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_80_20200803143323.jpg", "total_launch_count": 305, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 305 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/falcon2520925_image_20221009234147.png", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 25, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/25/?format=api", "name": "Starlink", "description": "Starlink is a satellite internet constellation operated by American aerospace company SpaceX", "agencies": [ { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/starlink_program_20231228154508.jpeg", "start_date": "2018-02-22T14:17:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://starlink.com", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlink", "mission_patches": [ { "id": 7, "name": "Space X Starlink Mission Patch", "priority": 10, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/mission_patch_images/space2520x252_mission_patch_20221011205756.png", "agency": { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" } } ], "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Communication Constellation" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 6522, "location_launch_attempt_count": 908, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 200, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 280, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 154, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 40, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 37, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 67, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "7fd51375-bf1c-49ee-be61-ebd1fc58c9cf", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/7fd51375-bf1c-49ee-be61-ebd1fc58c9cf/?format=api", "slug": "atlas-fsvs-navstar-3", "name": "Atlas F/SVS | Navstar 3", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-01-02T15:22:25Z", "net": "1978-10-07T00:28:00Z", "window_end": "1978-10-07T00:28:00Z", "window_start": "1978-10-07T00:28:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 161, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/161/?format=api", "name": "United States Air Force", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 5001, "configuration": { "id": 249, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/249/?format=api", "name": "Atlas F/SVS", "family": "Atlas", "full_name": "Atlas F/SVS", "variant": "F/SVS" } }, "mission": { "id": 3415, "name": "Navstar 3", "description": "First generation GPS satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Navigation", "orbit": { "id": 12, "name": "Medium Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "MEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 24, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/24/?format=api", "agency_id": 161, "name": "Space Launch Complex 3E", "description": "SLC-3E is a launch pad at Vandenberg Space Force Base. 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