Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&offset=3520&ordering=-id
{ "count": 7494, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=3530&ordering=-id", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=3510&ordering=-id", "results": [ { "id": "884ac729-05d7-46a4-b7ae-9e4ddf88a99c", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/884ac729-05d7-46a4-b7ae-9e4ddf88a99c/?format=api", "slug": "soyuz-u-zenit-4mkt-2", "name": "Soyuz U | Zenit-4MKT 2", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:51:47Z", "net": "1976-05-21T07:00:00Z", "window_end": "1976-05-21T07:00:00Z", "window_start": "1976-05-21T07:00:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 4709, "configuration": { "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/37/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz U", "family": "Soyuz", "full_name": "Soyuz U", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 3127, "name": "Zenit-4MKT 2", "description": "Film-return reconnaissance satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 36, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/36/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "43/3 (43L)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": null, "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.9273,40.45", "latitude": "62.9273", "longitude": "40.45", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_36_20200803143534.jpg", "total_launch_count": 230, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 230 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz2520u_image_20190222031023.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 1830, "location_launch_attempt_count": 481, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 45, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 1012, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 47, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 23, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 7, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 33, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "88478abb-2568-4e84-858a-0f42a1cf5752", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/88478abb-2568-4e84-858a-0f42a1cf5752/?format=api", "slug": "r-36o-8k69-ogch-19", "name": "R-36O 8K69 | OGCh 19", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:26:32Z", "net": "1968-05-27T23:15:01Z", "window_end": "1968-05-27T23:15:01Z", "window_start": "1968-05-27T23:15:01Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 3785, "configuration": { "id": 351, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/351/?format=api", "name": "R-36O 8K69", "family": "R-36O", "full_name": "R-36O 8K69", "variant": "8K69" } }, "mission": { "id": 2203, "name": "OGCh 19", "description": "Missile equipped with the 8F021 warhead", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 160, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/160/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "161/35", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=46.034,63.060806", "latitude": "46.034", "longitude": "63.060806", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1555, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_160_20200803143414.jpg", "total_launch_count": 7, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 837, "location_launch_attempt_count": 218, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 6, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 320, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 49, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 15, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 31, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "8846afcc-dc87-43ce-a51d-833acf1c6923", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/8846afcc-dc87-43ce-a51d-833acf1c6923/?format=api", "slug": "molniya-m-molniya-3-57l", "name": "Molniya-M | Molniya-3 57L", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:10:55Z", "net": "1993-04-21T00:23:00Z", "window_end": "1993-04-21T00:23:00Z", "window_start": "1993-04-21T00:23:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 111, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/111/?format=api", "name": "Progress Rocket Space Center", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 6516, "configuration": { "id": 106, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/106/?format=api", "name": "Molniya-M", "family": "R-7", "full_name": "Molniya-M 2BL", "variant": "2BL" } }, "mission": { "id": 4906, "name": "Molniya-3 57L", "description": "Molniya communication satellites operating from a highly elliptical orbit", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 0, "name": "Elliptical Orbit", "abbrev": "Elliptical" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 85, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/85/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "43/4 (43R)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": null, "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.92883,40.457098", "latitude": "62.92883", "longitude": "40.457098", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_85_20200803143554.jpg", "total_launch_count": 323, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 323 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 3810, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1425, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 246, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 12, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 25, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 11, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "8842d8ff-2cb4-4c60-9742-7609aed21654", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/8842d8ff-2cb4-4c60-9742-7609aed21654/?format=api", "slug": "kosmos-3m-tselina-o-10", "name": "Kosmos-3M | Tselina-O 10", "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Launch Failure", "abbrev": "Failure", "description": "Either the launch vehicle did not reach orbit, or the payload(s) failed to separate." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:27:30Z", "net": "1971-07-22T13:45:00Z", "window_end": "1971-07-22T13:45:00Z", "window_start": "1971-07-22T13:45:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 4154, "configuration": { "id": 102, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/102/?format=api", "name": "Kosmos-3M", "family": "Kosmos", "full_name": "Kosmos-3M (11K65M)", "variant": "-3M" } }, "mission": { "id": 2572, "name": "Tselina-O 10", "description": "The Tselina-O (11F616) was one component of two-satellite Tselina ELINT satellite system. Tselina-O provided general ELINT surveillance to be examined in detail by the larger Tselina-D satellites.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 167, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/167/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "132/2", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.883,40.869806", "latitude": "62.883", "longitude": "40.869806", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_167_20200803143417.jpg", "total_launch_count": 172, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 172 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 1240, "location_launch_attempt_count": 188, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 24, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 587, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 69, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 27, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 46, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "88317e71-5e75-4e80-865e-799367d53852", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/88317e71-5e75-4e80-865e-799367d53852/?format=api", "slug": "atlas-v-421-mexsat-2-morelos-iii", "name": "Atlas V 421 | Mexsat-2 (Morelos III)", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-06-15T13:31:07Z", "net": "2015-10-02T10:28:30Z", "window_end": "2015-10-02T10:28:30Z", "window_start": "2015-10-02T10:28:30Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 124, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/124/?format=api", "name": "United Launch Alliance", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 1873, "configuration": { "id": 28, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/28/?format=api", "name": "Atlas V 421", "family": "Atlas", "full_name": "Atlas V 421", "variant": "421" } }, "mission": null, "pad": { "id": 29, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/29/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Space Launch Complex 41", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_41", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.58341025,-80.58303644", "latitude": "28.58341025", "longitude": "-80.58303644", "location": { "id": 12, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/12/?format=api", "name": "Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_12_20200803142519.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 1022, "total_landing_count": 64 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_29_20200803143528.jpg", "total_launch_count": 115, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 115 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/atlas_v_421_image_20210519053741.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5501, "location_launch_attempt_count": 733, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 74, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 101, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 5501, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 14, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 9, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "8829e713-f6b0-49ce-b7a5-76e91a30ae1c", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/8829e713-f6b0-49ce-b7a5-76e91a30ae1c/?format=api", "slug": "kosmos-11k63-ds-p1-yu-49", "name": "Kosmos 11K63 | DS-P1-Yu 49", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:31:47Z", "net": "1971-12-17T10:39:58Z", "window_end": "1971-12-17T10:39:58Z", "window_start": "1971-12-17T10:39:58Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 4212, "configuration": { "id": 327, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/327/?format=api", "name": "Kosmos 11K63", "family": "Kosmos", "full_name": "Kosmos 11K63", "variant": "11K63" } }, "mission": { "id": 2630, "name": "DS-P1-Yu 49", "description": "The DS-P1-Yu series of satellites was used to calibrate space surveillance and early warning radars.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Test Target", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 3, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/3/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "133/3 (133L)", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.886999,40.846984", "latitude": "62.886999", "longitude": "40.846984", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1674, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_3_20200803143438.jpg", "total_launch_count": 159, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 159 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 1299, "location_launch_attempt_count": 214, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 52, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 626, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 128, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 53, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 12, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 85, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "882919f1-ad84-4266-b1b2-00b2ff1ecdd7", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/882919f1-ad84-4266-b1b2-00b2ff1ecdd7/?format=api", "slug": "soyuz-u-pvb-foton-12", "name": "Soyuz-U-PVB | Foton 12", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:10:57Z", "net": "1999-09-09T18:00:00Z", "window_end": "1999-09-09T18:00:00Z", "window_start": "1999-09-09T18:00:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 270, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/270/?format=api", "name": "Strategic Rocket Forces", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 6939, "configuration": { "id": 378, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/378/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz-U-PVB", "family": "Soyuz", "full_name": "Soyuz-U-PVB", "variant": "U-PVB" } }, "mission": { "id": 5329, "name": "Foton 12", "description": "Microgravity research satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Materials Science", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 85, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/85/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "43/4 (43R)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": null, "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.92883,40.457098", "latitude": "62.92883", "longitude": "40.457098", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. 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