Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&offset=2990&ordering=id
{ "count": 7785, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=3000&ordering=id", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=2980&ordering=id", "results": [ { "id": "649743b3-1a9a-4226-82ee-ee1e911c4e10", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/649743b3-1a9a-4226-82ee-ee1e911c4e10/?format=api", "slug": "scout-a-transit-o-13", "name": "Scout A | Transit-O 13", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:25:51Z", "net": "1967-05-18T09:05:01Z", "window_end": "1967-05-18T09:05:01Z", "window_start": "1967-05-18T09:05:01Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 161, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/161/?format=api", "name": "United States Air Force", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 3659, "configuration": { "id": 356, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/356/?format=api", "name": "Scout A", "family": "Scout", "full_name": "Scout A", "variant": "A" } }, "mission": { "id": 2077, "name": "Transit-O 13", "description": "The Transit-O series of satellites that closely followed the design of Transit 5C-1 were also called “Oscars” (Oscar is the phonetic alphabet for “O”, i. e., operational). They were also called NNS (Navy Navigation Satellite) or shortened NavSat.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Navigation", "orbit": { "id": 13, "name": "Polar Orbit", "abbrev": "PO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 154, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/154/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Space Launch Complex 5", "description": "Space Launch Complex 5 (SLC-5) was a launch pad at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, United States. It was previously part of the Point Arguello Naval Air Station, during which time it was designated Launch Complex D or LC-D. Constructed in 1961, it was used by 69 Scout launch vehicles between 1962 and 1994.", "info_url": "https://www.astronautix.com/v/vandenbergslc5.html", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base_Space_Launch_Complex_5", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=34.6080,-120.6247", "latitude": "34.608", "longitude": "-120.6247", "location": { "id": 11, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/11/?format=api", "name": "Vandenberg SFB, CA, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Vandenberg Space Force Base is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_11_20200803142416.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Los_Angeles", "total_launch_count": 860, "total_landing_count": 33 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_154_20200803143408.jpg", "total_launch_count": 69, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 69 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 701, "location_launch_attempt_count": 261, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 28, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 396, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 53, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 16, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 4, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 24, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "64994520-3445-43ff-b2a3-f09c815ecb95", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/64994520-3445-43ff-b2a3-f09c815ecb95/?format=api", "slug": "long-march-3be-simon-bolivar", "name": "Long March 3B/E | Simon Bolivar", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-08-04T03:46:25Z", "net": "2008-10-29T16:53:43Z", "window_end": "2008-10-29T16:53:43Z", "window_start": "2008-10-29T16:53:43Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 88, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/88/?format=api", "name": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 7370, "configuration": { "id": 50, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/50/?format=api", "name": "Long March 3B/E", "family": "Long March", "full_name": "Long March 3B/E", "variant": "B/E" } }, "mission": { "id": 5759, "name": "Simon Bolivar", "description": "Venezuelian geostationary communications satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 1, "name": "Geostationary Orbit", "abbrev": "Direct-GEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 45, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/45/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Launch Complex 2 (LC-2)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.245564,102.026751", "latitude": "28.245564", "longitude": "102.026751", "location": { "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/16/?format=api", "name": "Xichang Satellite Launch Center, People's Republic of China", "country_code": "CHN", "description": "The Xichang Satellite Launch Center is a spaceport in China. It is located in Zeyuan Town, northwest of Xichang, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_16_20200803142513.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Shanghai", "total_launch_count": 237, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "CHN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_45_20200803143520.jpg", "total_launch_count": 124, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 124 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/long2520march_image_20230907120240.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 4942, "location_launch_attempt_count": 50, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 31, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 57, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 57, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 7, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "649bf8ed-f2a6-4923-aaf0-6086ad0227f5", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/649bf8ed-f2a6-4923-aaf0-6086ad0227f5/?format=api", "slug": "vulcan-wgs-11", "name": "Vulcan | WGS-11", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "To Be Determined", "abbrev": "TBD", "description": "Current date is a placeholder or rough estimation based on unreliable or interpreted sources." }, "last_updated": "2026-01-28T18:53:33Z", "net": "2026-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_end": "2026-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_start": "2026-12-31T00:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 14, "name": "Year", "abbrev": "Y", "description": "The T-0 is expected in the given year." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 124, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/124/?format=api", "name": "United Launch Alliance", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 7593, "configuration": { "id": 200, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/200/?format=api", "name": "Vulcan", "family": "Vulcan", "full_name": "Vulcan", "variant": "Vulcan" } }, "mission": { "id": 6035, "name": "WGS-11", "description": "Last mission of the Wideband Global SatCom (WGS) series.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 4, "name": "Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit", "abbrev": "GSTO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 29, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/29/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Space Launch Complex 41", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_41", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.58341025,-80.58303644", "latitude": "28.58341025", "longitude": "-80.58303644", "location": { "id": 12, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/12/?format=api", "name": "Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_12_20200803142519.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 1083, "total_landing_count": 70 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_29_20200803143528.jpg", "total_launch_count": 120, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 120 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/vulcan_image_20240107162928.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7408, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1151, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 145, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 202, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 235, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 75, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 25, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 32, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "649dc50d-928c-4cd2-a6fe-6e19dbc6d48d", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/649dc50d-928c-4cd2-a6fe-6e19dbc6d48d/?format=api", "slug": "vega-c-formosat-8d", "name": "Vega-C | FORMOSAT-8D", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "To Be Determined", "abbrev": "TBD", "description": "Current date is a placeholder or rough estimation based on unreliable or interpreted sources." }, "last_updated": "2025-12-25T09:41:47Z", "net": "2028-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_end": "2028-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_start": "2028-12-31T00:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 14, "name": "Year", "abbrev": "Y", "description": "The T-0 is expected in the given year." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 159, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/159/?format=api", "name": "Avio S.p.A", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 8865, "configuration": { "id": 127, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/127/?format=api", "name": "Vega-C", "family": "Vega", "full_name": "Vega-C", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 7456, "name": "FORMOSAT-8D", "description": "High-resolution optical Earth observation satellite.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [ { "id": 1104, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/1104/?format=api", "name": "Taiwan Space Agency", "featured": false, "type": "Government", "country_code": "TWN", "abbrev": "TASA", "description": "The Taiwan Space Agency (abbreviated TASA), formerly the National Space Organization (NSPO) from 1991 to 2023, is the national civilian space agency of Taiwan, under the auspices of the National Science and Technology Council. TASA is involved in the development of space technologies and related research.", "administrator": "Director General: Wu Jong-shinn", "founding_year": "1991", "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 0, "consecutive_successful_launches": 0, "successful_launches": 0, "failed_launches": 0, "pending_launches": 0, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "info_url": "https://www.tasa.org.tw/", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan_Space_Agency", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/tasa_logo_image_20251225090444.png", "image_url": null, "nation_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/tasa_social_log_image_20251225090419.jpg" } ], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 34, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/34/?format=api", "agency_id": 115, "name": "Ariane Launch Area 1 (ELV)", "description": "ELA-1, now named Ensemble de Lancement Vega (short ELV), is a launch pad at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. It has been used to support launches of the Europa rocket, Ariane 1, Ariane 3, and is currently used to launch Vega rockets.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELA-1", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=5.236,-52.775", "latitude": "5.236", "longitude": "-52.775", "location": { "id": 13, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/13/?format=api", "name": "Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana", "country_code": "GUF", "description": "The Guiana Space Centre is a European spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana, a region of France in South America. Kourou is located at a latitude of 5°. In operation since 1968, it is a suitable location for a spaceport because of its equatorial location and open sea to the east.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_13_20200803142412.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Cayenne", "total_launch_count": 330, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "GUF", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_34_20200803143527.jpg", "total_launch_count": 54, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 54 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/vega-c_image_20220713154437.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7508, "location_launch_attempt_count": 369, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 73, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 19, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 24, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 8, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "64a43bcc-f080-4121-91da-90731c46dc82", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/64a43bcc-f080-4121-91da-90731c46dc82/?format=api", "slug": "x-15-flight-150", "name": "X-15 | Flight 150", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T08:59:15Z", "net": "1965-09-28T18:08:00Z", "window_end": "1965-09-28T18:20:00Z", "window_start": "1965-09-28T18:08:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 161, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/161/?format=api", "name": "United States Air Force", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 2987, "configuration": { "id": 209, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/209/?format=api", "name": "North American X-15", "family": "", "full_name": "North American X-15", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 1412, "name": "Flight 150", "description": "Flight 150 of the North American X-15 was a test flight conducted by NASA and the US Air Force in 1965. Piloted by John B. McKay it reached an altitude of 90.0 km.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Test Flight", "orbit": { "id": 15, "name": "Suborbital", "abbrev": "Sub" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 112, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/112/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Edwards Air Force Base", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=34.905556,-117.883611", "latitude": "34.905556", "longitude": "-117.883611", "location": { "id": 144, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/144/?format=api", "name": "Air launch to Suborbital flight", "country_code": "???", "description": "", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_144_20200803142439.jpg", "timezone_name": "", "total_launch_count": 86, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_112_20200803143214.jpg", "total_launch_count": 13, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 0 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/north_american__image_20210813101104.png", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 20, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/20/?format=api", "name": "X-15", "description": "Experimental hypersonic rocket-powered aircraft.", "agencies": [ { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "type": "Government" }, { "id": 161, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/161/?format=api", "name": "United States Air Force", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/x-15_program_20210809102752.jpeg", "start_date": "1959-03-10T00:00:00Z", "end_date": "1968-12-12T00:00:00Z", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_X-15", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Human Spaceflight" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": null, "location_launch_attempt_count": 14, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 8, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 283, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": null, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 52, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "64b19cd9-9b2a-4724-890b-6a7001eb3644", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/64b19cd9-9b2a-4724-890b-6a7001eb3644/?format=api", "slug": "falcon-9-block-5-starlink-group-17-12", "name": "Falcon 9 Block 5 | Starlink Group 17-12", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2025-09-19T22:20:08Z", "net": "2025-09-19T16:31:39Z", "window_end": "2025-09-19T19:41:00Z", "window_start": "2025-09-19T15:41:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 8704, "configuration": { "id": 164, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/164/?format=api", "name": "Falcon 9", "family": "Falcon", "full_name": "Falcon 9 Block 5", "variant": "Block 5" } }, "mission": { "id": 7297, "name": "Starlink Group 17-12", "description": "A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [ { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "featured": true, "type": "Commercial", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "SpX", "description": "Space Exploration Technologies Corp., known as SpaceX, is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company headquartered in Hawthorne, California. It was founded in 2002 by entrepreneur Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs and enabling the colonization of Mars. SpaceX operates from many pads, on the East Coast of the US they operate from SLC-40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and historic LC-39A at Kennedy Space Center. They also operate from SLC-4E at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, usually for polar launches. Another launch site is being developed at Boca Chica, Texas.", "administrator": "CEO: Elon Musk", "founding_year": "2002", "launchers": "Falcon | Starship", "spacecraft": "Dragon", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 634, "consecutive_successful_launches": 119, "successful_launches": 619, "failed_launches": 15, "pending_launches": 124, "consecutive_successful_landings": 118, "successful_landings": 579, "failed_landings": 27, "attempted_landings": 605, "info_url": "https://www.spacex.com/", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex_logo_20220826094919.png", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex_image_20190207032501.jpeg", "nation_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex_nation_20230531064544.jpg" } ], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/16/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Space Launch Complex 4E", "description": "Space Launch Complex 4 East (SLC-4E) is a launch site at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, U.S.\r\n\r\nThe pad was previously used by Atlas and Titan rockets between 1963 and 2005. 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