Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&offset=2900&ordering=-net
{ "count": 7827, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=2910&ordering=-net", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=2890&ordering=-net", "results": [ { "id": "03ac154c-9b70-43d2-bec5-2a5781fd6dda", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/03ac154c-9b70-43d2-bec5-2a5781fd6dda/?format=api", "slug": "delta-ii-7920-10-worldview-1", "name": "Delta II 7920-10 | WorldView-1", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T17:25:30Z", "net": "2007-09-18T18:35:00Z", "window_end": "2007-09-18T18:35:00Z", "window_start": "2007-09-18T18:35:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": 0, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": "", "launch_service_provider": { "id": 124, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/124/?format=api", "name": "United Launch Alliance", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 546, "configuration": { "id": 75, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/75/?format=api", "name": "Delta II", "family": "Delta", "full_name": "Delta II 7920-10", "variant": "7920-10" } }, "mission": { "id": 518, "name": "WorldView-1", "description": "A commercial earth observation satellite owned by DigitalGlobe.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 17, "name": "Sun-Synchronous Orbit", "abbrev": "SSO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 39, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/39/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Space Launch Complex 2W", "description": "SLC-2W was originally used for Delta, Thor-Agena and Delta II launches. After the last Delta II flight in 2018, SLC-2W was repurposed to launch Firefly Alpha rockets.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_2", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=34.7556,-120.6224", "latitude": "34.7556", "longitude": "-120.6224", "location": { "id": 11, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/11/?format=api", "name": "Vandenberg SFB, CA, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Vandenberg Space Force Base is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_11_20200803142416.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Los_Angeles", "total_launch_count": 872, "total_landing_count": 33 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_39_20200803143542.jpg", "total_launch_count": 99, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 99 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/delta2520ii_image_20190222030358.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 4861, "location_launch_attempt_count": 630, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 77, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 8, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 44, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 6, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "75fd1ab0-2e61-4b31-8c7b-308d55558b6f", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/75fd1ab0-2e61-4b31-8c7b-308d55558b6f/?format=api", "slug": "soyuz-u-pvb-foton-m-no-3", "name": "Soyuz-U-PVB | Foton-M No. 3", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:48:50Z", "net": "2007-09-14T11:00:00Z", "window_end": "2007-09-14T11:00:00Z", "window_start": "2007-09-14T11:00:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 7328, "configuration": { "id": 378, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/378/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz-U-PVB", "family": "Soyuz", "full_name": "Soyuz-U-PVB", "variant": "U-PVB" } }, "mission": { "id": 5717, "name": "Foton-M No. 3", "description": "Russian microgravity research satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Technology", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 32, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/32/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "1/5", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.92,63.342", "latitude": "45.92", "longitude": "63.342", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1561, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_32_20200803143513.jpg", "total_launch_count": 487, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 487 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz-u_image_20191229074852.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 4860, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1280, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 410, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 169, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 43, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 12, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 5, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 7, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "48be668e-3a03-47b1-851b-4a471372b5d5", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/48be668e-3a03-47b1-851b-4a471372b5d5/?format=api", "slug": "h-iia-2022-kaguya", "name": "H-IIA 2022 | Kaguya", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:53:06Z", "net": "2007-09-14T01:31:01Z", "window_end": "2007-09-14T01:31:01Z", "window_start": "2007-09-14T01:31:01Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 7327, "configuration": { "id": 321, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/321/?format=api", "name": "H-IIA", "family": "H-II", "full_name": "H-IIA 2022", "variant": "2022" } }, "mission": { "id": 5716, "name": "Kaguya", "description": "Kaguya, also known as SELENE, was the second Japanese lunar orbiter spacecraft. Kaguya usede a suite of 15 instruments to gather scientific data on lunar origins and evolution. The main orbiter was accompanied by two smaller satellites: a relay satellite Okina and a satellite Ouna for Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations. Kaguya orbited the Moon for a year and eight months and then ended the mission via a planned impact on the lunar surface.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Lunar Exploration", "orbit": { "id": 11, "name": "Lunar Orbit", "abbrev": "LO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 41, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/41/?format=api", "agency_id": 37, "name": "Yoshinobu Launch Complex LP-1", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshinobu_Launch_Complex", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=30.400813,130.977748", "latitude": "30.400813", "longitude": "130.977748", "location": { "id": 26, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/26/?format=api", "name": "Tanegashima Space Center, Japan", "country_code": "JPN", "description": "The Tanegashima Space Center is the largest rocket-launch complex in Japan. It is located on the southeastern tip of Tanegashima, an island located south of Kyushu, an island and region and Japan. It was established in 1969 when the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) was formed, and is now run by JAXA. The activities that take place at TNSC include assembly, testing, launching, and tracking satellites, as well as rocket engine firing tests.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_26_20200803142507.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Tokyo", "total_launch_count": 97, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "JPN", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_41_20200803143551.jpg", "total_launch_count": 57, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 57 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/h-ii_2022_lifto_image_20240411175401.png", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 4859, "location_launch_attempt_count": 44, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 20, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 23, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 42, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "4985da11-68d5-4b71-a3dd-f98749c7108b", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/4985da11-68d5-4b71-a3dd-f98749c7108b/?format=api", "slug": "kosmos-3m-parus-97", "name": "Kosmos-3M | Parus 97", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:43:59Z", "net": "2007-09-11T13:05:06Z", "window_end": "2007-09-11T13:05:06Z", "window_start": "2007-09-11T13:05:06Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 154, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/154/?format=api", "name": "Production Corporation Polyot", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 7326, "configuration": { "id": 102, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/102/?format=api", "name": "Kosmos-3M", "family": "Kosmos", "full_name": "Kosmos-3M (11K65M)", "variant": "-3M" } }, "mission": { "id": 5715, "name": "Parus 97", "description": "Navigation satellite providing location information for the Tsiklon-B navigation system", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Navigation", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 28, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/28/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "132/1 (132L)", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.883229,40.868549", "latitude": "62.883229", "longitude": "40.868549", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1682, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_28_20200803143254.jpg", "total_launch_count": 212, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 212 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/kosmos-3m_durin_image_20251101171325.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 4858, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1554, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 207, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 52, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 41, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "99e0e595-eeae-4019-9733-4b61f7f66137", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/99e0e595-eeae-4019-9733-4b61f7f66137/?format=api", "slug": "proton-m-briz-m-jcsat-11", "name": "Proton-M Briz-M | JCSAT 11", "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Launch Failure", "abbrev": "Failure", "description": "Either the launch vehicle did not reach orbit, or the payload(s) failed to separate." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:35:12Z", "net": "2007-09-05T22:43:10Z", "window_end": "2007-09-05T22:43:10Z", "window_start": "2007-09-05T22:43:10Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 96, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/96/?format=api", "name": "Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 7325, "configuration": { "id": 22, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/22/?format=api", "name": "Proton-M Briz-M", "family": "Proton / UR-500", "full_name": "Proton-M Briz-M", "variant": "Briz-M" } }, "mission": { "id": 5714, "name": "JCSAT 11", "description": "Japanese geostationary communications satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 1, "name": "Geostationary Orbit", "abbrev": "Direct-GEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/15/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "200/39 (200L)", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=46.039984,63.032093", "latitude": "46.039984", "longitude": "63.032093", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1561, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_15_20200803143530.jpg", "total_launch_count": 167, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 167 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/proton-m2520briz-m_image_20190224012317.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 4857, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1279, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 110, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 126, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 40, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 11, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "bdcbb367-9031-41a7-a430-021571c69735", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/bdcbb367-9031-41a7-a430-021571c69735/?format=api", "slug": "gslv-insat-4cr", "name": "GSLV | INSAT-4CR", "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Launch Failure", "abbrev": "Failure", "description": "Either the launch vehicle did not reach orbit, or the payload(s) failed to separate." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:08:52Z", "net": "2007-09-02T12:51:00Z", "window_end": "2007-09-02T12:51:00Z", "window_start": "2007-09-02T12:51:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "Error in guidance subsystem caused low apogee and high inclination. Payload reached correct orbit on its own power.", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 31, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/31/?format=api", "name": "Indian Space Research Organization", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 545, "configuration": { "id": 5, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/5/?format=api", "name": "GSLV", "family": "GSLV", "full_name": "GSLV", "variant": "" } }, "mission": null, "pad": { "id": 82, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/82/?format=api", "agency_id": 31, "name": "Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad", "description": "The second launch pad was built between 1999 and 2003. It became functional in 2005 and has since been used for various rockets. This launch pad supports missions by PSLV, GSLV, LVM3 rockets and is even envisioned for India's future crewed spaceflight.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_Second_Launch_Pad", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=13.7199,80.2304", "latitude": "13.7199", "longitude": "80.2304", "location": { "id": 14, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/14/?format=api", "name": "Satish Dhawan Space Centre, India", "country_code": "IND", "description": "Satish Dhawan Space Centre – SDSC (formerly Sriharikota Range – SHAR),[1] is the primary spaceport of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), located in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_14_20200803142403.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Kolkata", "total_launch_count": 103, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "IND", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_82_20200803143602.jpg", "total_launch_count": 32, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 31 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/gslv_image_20190604000621.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 4856, "location_launch_attempt_count": 24, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 4, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 24, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 39, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "b2d9dc42-e6e4-4b5d-bd45-afe296aa7727", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/b2d9dc42-e6e4-4b5d-bd45-afe296aa7727/?format=api", "slug": "ariane-5-eca-spaceway-3-bsat-3a", "name": "Ariane 5 ECA | Spaceway-3 & BSAT-3A", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:00:48Z", "net": "2007-08-14T23:44:00Z", "window_end": "2007-08-14T23:44:00Z", "window_start": "2007-08-14T23:44:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 115, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/115/?format=api", "name": "Arianespace", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 544, "configuration": { "id": 20, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/20/?format=api", "name": "Ariane 5 ECA", "family": "Ariane", "full_name": "Ariane 5 ECA", "variant": "ECA" } }, "mission": { "id": 594, "name": "Singtel Optus & Australian Department of Defence", "description": "Spaceway-3 is a communications satellite providing broadband at 95 degrees West in geostationary orbit. BSAT-3A is another geostationary communications satellite operating at 110 degrees East providing high definition direct television broadcasting across Japan.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 2, "name": "Geostationary Transfer Orbit", "abbrev": "GTO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 77, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/77/?format=api", "agency_id": 115, "name": "Ariane Launch Area 3", "description": "ELA-3, is a launch pad and associated facilities at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. 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