Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&offset=2850&ordering=-id
{ "count": 7507, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=2860&ordering=-id", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=2840&ordering=-id", "results": [ { "id": "9f3fc1f5-6c0c-42e7-82c3-aebe291361e9", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/9f3fc1f5-6c0c-42e7-82c3-aebe291361e9/?format=api", "slug": "tsiklon-2-us-pm-13", "name": "Tsiklon-2 | US-PM 13", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:24:33Z", "net": "2006-06-25T04:00:00Z", "window_end": "2006-06-25T04:00:00Z", "window_start": "2006-06-25T04:00:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 7273, "configuration": { "id": 443, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/443/?format=api", "name": "Tsiklon-2", "family": "Tsiklon", "full_name": "Tsiklon-2", "variant": "2" } }, "mission": { "id": 5662, "name": "US-PM 13", "description": "US-PM (Upravlenniye Sputnik Passivny Modifikirovanny) (also reported as US-PU) was a solar powered improved EORSAT (Electronic Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite). It used an passive ELINT devices to track naval vessels from space by registering their electronic emmissions.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 134, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/134/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "90/20", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_90", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=46.081,62.929806", "latitude": "46.081", "longitude": "62.929806", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1555, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_134_20200803143259.jpg", "total_launch_count": 23, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 23 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/tsyklon-2_lifto_image_20240411113159.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 4778, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1258, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 23, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 157, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 28, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 7, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 5, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "9f35e05d-cc5a-4dd1-85d0-a21b41db8b0c", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/9f35e05d-cc5a-4dd1-85d0-a21b41db8b0c/?format=api", "slug": "molniya-8k78-luna-5a", "name": "Molniya 8K78 | Luna-5a", "status": { "id": 4, "name": "Launch Failure", "abbrev": "Failure", "description": "Either the launch vehicle did not reach orbit, or the payload(s) failed to separate." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:48:43Z", "net": "1964-03-21T08:15:35Z", "window_end": "1964-03-21T08:15:35Z", "window_start": "1964-03-21T08:15:35Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 3264, "configuration": { "id": 184, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/184/?format=api", "name": "Molniya 8K78", "family": "R-7", "full_name": "Molniya 8K78", "variant": "8K78" } }, "mission": { "id": 1686, "name": "Luna-5a", "description": "Ye-6 series probe designed to land on the Moon. Failed to reach orbit.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Lunar Exploration", "orbit": { "id": 11, "name": "Lunar Orbit", "abbrev": "LO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 32, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/32/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "1/5", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.92,63.342", "latitude": "45.92", "longitude": "63.342", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1555, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_32_20200803143513.jpg", "total_launch_count": 487, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 487 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/molniya25208k78_image_20191201210000.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 38, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/38/?format=api", "name": "Luna", "description": "The Luna program was a series of robotic spacecraft missions sent to the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976. The program accomplished many firsts in space exploration, including first flyby of the Moon, first impact of the Moon and first photos of the far side of the Moon. Each mission was designed as either an orbiter or lander. They also performed many experiments, studying the Moon's chemical composition, gravity, temperature, and radiation.", "agencies": [ { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/luna_1_impactor_image_20240813082956.jpg", "start_date": "1958-09-23T07:40:23Z", "end_date": "1976-08-22T17:55:00Z", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_programme", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 5, "name": "Exploration" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 309, "location_launch_attempt_count": 59, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 58, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 77, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 16, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 5, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "9f2fd224-2a8d-438b-8239-a2dd0fcd70b1", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/9f2fd224-2a8d-438b-8239-a2dd0fcd70b1/?format=api", "slug": "soyuz-u-zenit-8-4", "name": "Soyuz U | Zenit-8 4", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:29:12Z", "net": "1984-07-27T08:59:59Z", "window_end": "1984-07-27T08:59:59Z", "window_start": "1984-07-27T08:59:59Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 5660, "configuration": { "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/37/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz U", "family": "Soyuz", "full_name": "Soyuz U", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 4062, "name": "Zenit-8 4", "description": "Film-return reconnaissance satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 168, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/168/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "41/1", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.941,40.526806", "latitude": "62.941", "longitude": "40.526806", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. Consequently, Plesetsk has seen considerably more activity since the 2000s.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_6_20200803142434.jpg", "timezone_name": "Europe/Moscow", "total_launch_count": 1675, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "RUS", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_168_20200803143446.jpg", "total_launch_count": 310, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 310 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/soyuz2520u_image_20190222031023.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 2851, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1008, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 258, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 1819, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 76, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 39, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 10, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 60, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "9f0f2a8d-54e1-4119-81f9-a4e3046fdc4d", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/9f0f2a8d-54e1-4119-81f9-a4e3046fdc4d/?format=api", "slug": "scout-b-1-eole", "name": "Scout B-1 | Eole", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T04:29:56Z", "net": "1971-08-16T18:39:00Z", "window_end": "1971-08-16T18:39:00Z", "window_start": "1971-08-16T18:39:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 46, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/46/?format=api", "name": "National Center of Space Research", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 4164, "configuration": { "id": 359, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/359/?format=api", "name": "Scout B-1", "family": "Scout", "full_name": "Scout B-1", "variant": "B-1" } }, "mission": { "id": 2582, "name": "Eole", "description": "Second French experimental data relay satellite for meteorological data.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 178, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/178/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Launch Area 3A", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": null, "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=37.8495,-75.4725", "latitude": "37.8495", "longitude": "-75.4725", "location": { "id": 21, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/21/?format=api", "name": "Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Wallops Flight Facility is a rocket launch site on Wallops Island on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, United States, just east of the Delmarva Peninsula and north-northeast of Norfolk. The facility is operated by the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and primarily serves to support science and exploration missions for NASA and other federal agencies. WFF includes an extensively instrumented range to support launches of more than a dozen types of sounding rockets; small expendable suborbital and orbital rockets; high-altitude balloon flights carrying scientific instruments for atmospheric and astronomical research; and, using its Research Airport, flight tests of aeronautical research aircraft, including uncrewed aerial vehicles.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_21_20200803142423.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 80, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_178_20200803143407.jpg", "total_launch_count": 18, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 13 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 1252, "location_launch_attempt_count": 41, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 12, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 9, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 81, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 2, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "9f0b5be5-ae73-4be7-a041-d947092eb706", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/9f0b5be5-ae73-4be7-a041-d947092eb706/?format=api", "slug": "zenit-3sl-atlantic-bird-7", "name": "Zenit 3SL | Atlantic Bird 7", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2024-06-13T17:51:35Z", "net": "2011-09-24T20:17:59Z", "window_end": "2011-09-24T20:17:59Z", "window_start": "2011-09-24T20:17:59Z", "net_precision": { "id": 0, "name": "Second", "abbrev": "SEC", "description": "The T-0 is accurate to the second." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 122, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/122/?format=api", "name": "Sea Launch", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 1554, "configuration": { "id": 11, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/11/?format=api", "name": "Zenit", "family": "Zenith", "full_name": "Zenit 3SL", "variant": "3SL" } }, "mission": null, "pad": { "id": 13, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/13/?format=api", "agency_id": 80, "name": "Launch Platform Odyssey", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odyssey_(launch_platform)", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=0.0,-154", "latitude": "0.0", "longitude": "-154.0", "location": { "id": 3, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/3/?format=api", "name": "Sea Launch", "country_code": "???", "description": "", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_3_20200803142448.jpg", "timezone_name": "", "total_launch_count": 56, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_13_20200803143257.jpg", "total_launch_count": 36, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 36 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 5160, "location_launch_attempt_count": 34, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 31, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 35, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 5160, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "9f032ff8-1c9a-4795-bd50-ae889e4c89c5", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/9f032ff8-1c9a-4795-bd50-ae889e4c89c5/?format=api", "slug": "zenit-amos-3", "name": "Zenit | Amos 3", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:30:58Z", "net": "2008-04-28T05:00:00Z", "window_end": "2008-04-28T05:00:00Z", "window_start": "2008-04-28T05:00:00Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 122, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/122/?format=api", "name": "Sea Launch", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 7351, "configuration": { "id": 91, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/91/?format=api", "name": "Zenit", "family": "Zenith", "full_name": "Zenit 3SLB", "variant": "3SLB" } }, "mission": { "id": 5740, "name": "Amos 3", "description": "Israeli geostationary communications satellite", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 1, "name": "Geostationary Orbit", "abbrev": "Direct-GEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 2, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/2/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "45/1", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=45.943492,63.653014", "latitude": "45.943492", "longitude": "63.653014", "location": { "id": 15, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/15/?format=api", "name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan", "country_code": "KAZ", "description": "The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_15_20200803142517.jpg", "timezone_name": "Asia/Qyzylorda", "total_launch_count": 1555, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "KAZ", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_2_20200803143256.jpg", "total_launch_count": 46, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 46 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": null, "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 4907, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1295, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 36, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 27, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 22, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 7, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 1, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 3, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "9f017e6f-92ea-4257-8c20-ab563672fdeb", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/9f017e6f-92ea-4257-8c20-ab563672fdeb/?format=api", "slug": "voskhod-zenit-4mk-54", "name": "Voskhod | Zenit-4MK 54", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "Launch Successful", "abbrev": "Success", "description": "The launch vehicle successfully inserted its payload(s) into the target orbit(s)." }, "last_updated": "2023-06-14T03:51:47Z", "net": "1976-01-07T15:34:58Z", "window_end": "1976-01-07T15:34:58Z", "window_start": "1976-01-07T15:34:58Z", "net_precision": null, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": null, "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 66, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/66/?format=api", "name": "Soviet Space Program", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 4665, "configuration": { "id": 104, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/104/?format=api", "name": "Voskhod", "family": "R-7", "full_name": "Voskhod", "variant": "Voskhod" } }, "mission": { "id": 3083, "name": "Zenit-4MK 54", "description": "High resolution optical reconnaissance satellite of the Vostok-based Zenit family.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Government/Top Secret", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 36, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/36/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "43/3 (43L)", "description": "", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": null, "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.9273,40.45", "latitude": "62.9273", "longitude": "40.45", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. 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