Launch List
AN API endpoint that returns all Launch objects or a single launch.
EXAMPLE - /launch/[id]/ or /launch/?mode=list&search=SpaceX
GET Return a list of all Launch objects.
FILTERS Fields - 'name', 'id(s)', 'lsp__id', 'lsp__name', 'serial_number', 'launcher_config__id', 'rocket__spacecraftflight__spacecraft__name', 'is_crewed', 'include_suborbital', 'spacecraft_config__ids', 'related', 'location__ids', 'lsp__ids', 'pad__ids', 'status__ids'
MODE 'normal', 'list', 'detailed'
EXAMPLE ?mode=list
SEARCH Searches through the launch name, rocket name, launch agency, mission name & spacecraft name.
EXAMPLE - ?search=SpaceX
GET /2.2.0/launch/?format=api&offset=190&ordering=-net
{ "count": 7496, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=200&ordering=-net", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/?format=api&limit=10&offset=180&ordering=-net", "results": [ { "id": "8e7d57b1-b5c0-4d0d-a575-fe23606bdeee", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/8e7d57b1-b5c0-4d0d-a575-fe23606bdeee/?format=api", "slug": "ariane-62-2-x-galileo-2", "name": "Ariane 62 | 2 x Galileo", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "To Be Determined", "abbrev": "TBD", "description": "Current date is a placeholder or rough estimation based on unreliable or interpreted sources." }, "last_updated": "2023-12-30T11:07:30Z", "net": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_end": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_start": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 14, "name": "Year", "abbrev": "Y", "description": "The T-0 is expected in the given year." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 115, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/115/?format=api", "name": "Arianespace", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 7509, "configuration": { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/121/?format=api", "name": "Ariane 62", "family": "Ariane", "full_name": "Ariane 62", "variant": "62" } }, "mission": { "id": 5918, "name": "2 x Galileo", "description": "Payload consists of two satellites for Europe's Galileo navigation system.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Navigation", "orbit": { "id": 12, "name": "Medium Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "MEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 67, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/67/?format=api", "agency_id": 115, "name": "Ariane Launch Area 4", "description": "ELA-4, is a launch pad and associated facilities at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. The complex is composed of a launch pad with mobile gantry, an horizontal assembly building and a dedicated launch operations building. ELA-4 is operated by Arianespace as part of the Ariane 6 program.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=5.256319,-52.786838", "latitude": "5.256319", "longitude": "-52.786838", "location": { "id": 13, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/13/?format=api", "name": "Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana", "country_code": "GUF", "description": "The Guiana Space Centre is a European spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana, a region of France in South America. Kourou is located at a latitude of 5°. In operation since 1968, it is a suitable location for a spaceport because of its equatorial location and open sea to the east.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_13_20200803142412.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Cayenne", "total_launch_count": 325, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "GUF", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_67_20200803143559.jpg", "total_launch_count": 2, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 2 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ariane_62_lifto_image_20240711132056.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [ { "id": 30, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/program/30/?format=api", "name": "Galileo", "description": "Galileo is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that went live in 2016, created by the European Union through the European Space Agency (ESA), operated by the European Union Agency for the Space Programme (EUSPA).", "agencies": [ { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "type": "Multinational" } ], "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/galileo_program_20231230110547.png", "start_date": "2011-10-21T10:30:00Z", "end_date": null, "info_url": "https://www.gsc-europa.eu/", "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)", "mission_patches": [], "type": { "id": 4, "name": "Navigation Constellation" } } ], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7120, "location_launch_attempt_count": 343, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 12, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 336, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 271, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 20, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 11, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 19, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "c3f48f48-0e0a-4bca-917e-de494cfca35b", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/c3f48f48-0e0a-4bca-917e-de494cfca35b/?format=api", "slug": "falcon-9-block-5-bluebird-block-2-3", "name": "Falcon 9 Block 5 | BlueBird Block 2 #3", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "To Be Determined", "abbrev": "TBD", "description": "Current date is a placeholder or rough estimation based on unreliable or interpreted sources." }, "last_updated": "2024-11-15T07:25:25Z", "net": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_end": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_start": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 14, "name": "Year", "abbrev": "Y", "description": "The T-0 is expected in the given year." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 8410, "configuration": { "id": 164, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/164/?format=api", "name": "Falcon 9", "family": "Falcon", "full_name": "Falcon 9 Block 5", "variant": "Block 5" } }, "mission": { "id": 6998, "name": "BlueBird Block 2 #3", "description": "AST SpaceMobile’s Block 2 BlueBird satellites are designed to deliver up to 10 times the bandwidth capacity of the BlueBird Block 1 satellites, required to achieve 24/7 continuous cellular broadband service coverage in the United States, with beams designed to support a capacity of up to 40 MHz, enabling peak data transmission speeds up to 120 Mbps, supporting voice, full data and video applications. The Block 2 BlueBirds, featuring as large as 2400 square foot communications arrays, will be the largest satellites ever commercially deployed in Low Earth orbit once launched.\r\n\r\nThis launch will feature 4 satellites.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Communications", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 72, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/72/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Unknown Pad", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=28.458,-80.528", "latitude": "28.458", "longitude": "-80.528", "location": { "id": 12, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/12/?format=api", "name": "Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA", "country_code": "USA", "description": "Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_12_20200803142519.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/New_York", "total_launch_count": 1022, "total_landing_count": 64 }, "country_code": "USA", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_72_20200803143403.jpg", "total_launch_count": 0, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 0 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/f9_on_slc-40_2_image_20240919072420.jpg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7120, "location_launch_attempt_count": 1076, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 22, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 558, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 271, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 82, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 22, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 109, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "b78857c4-3b8d-4462-929e-bc76f39c0e6d", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/b78857c4-3b8d-4462-929e-bc76f39c0e6d/?format=api", "slug": "ariane-64-go-1", "name": "Ariane 64 | GO-1", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "To Be Determined", "abbrev": "TBD", "description": "Current date is a placeholder or rough estimation based on unreliable or interpreted sources." }, "last_updated": "2023-10-12T15:06:25Z", "net": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_end": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_start": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 14, "name": "Year", "abbrev": "Y", "description": "The T-0 is expected in the given year." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 115, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/115/?format=api", "name": "Arianespace", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 2519, "configuration": { "id": 116, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/116/?format=api", "name": "Ariane 64", "family": "Ariane", "full_name": "Ariane 64", "variant": "64" } }, "mission": null, "pad": { "id": 67, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/67/?format=api", "agency_id": 115, "name": "Ariane Launch Area 4", "description": "ELA-4, is a launch pad and associated facilities at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. The complex is composed of a launch pad with mobile gantry, an horizontal assembly building and a dedicated launch operations building. ELA-4 is operated by Arianespace as part of the Ariane 6 program.", "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=5.256319,-52.786838", "latitude": "5.256319", "longitude": "-52.786838", "location": { "id": 13, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/13/?format=api", "name": "Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana", "country_code": "GUF", "description": "The Guiana Space Centre is a European spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana, a region of France in South America. Kourou is located at a latitude of 5°. In operation since 1968, it is a suitable location for a spaceport because of its equatorial location and open sea to the east.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_13_20200803142412.jpg", "timezone_name": "America/Cayenne", "total_launch_count": 325, "total_landing_count": 0 }, "country_code": "GUF", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_67_20200803143559.jpg", "total_launch_count": 2, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 2 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ariane_6_image_20240125142128.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7120, "location_launch_attempt_count": 343, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 12, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 336, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 7120, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 20, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 11, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 19, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "5d816773-89cb-48b9-9bf0-a9c4d8236785", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/5d816773-89cb-48b9-9bf0-a9c4d8236785/?format=api", "slug": "electron-iqps-launch-5", "name": "Electron | iQPS Launch 5", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "To Be Determined", "abbrev": "TBD", "description": "Current date is a placeholder or rough estimation based on unreliable or interpreted sources." }, "last_updated": "2025-02-27T23:30:21Z", "net": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_end": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_start": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 14, "name": "Year", "abbrev": "Y", "description": "The T-0 is expected in the given year." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 147, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/147/?format=api", "name": "Rocket Lab", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 8544, "configuration": { "id": 26, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/26/?format=api", "name": "Electron", "family": "", "full_name": "Electron", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 7135, "name": "iQPS Launch 5", "description": "Synthetic aperture radar Earth observation satellite for Japanese Earth imaging company iQPS.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Earth Science", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 210, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/210/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Unknown Pad", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": null, "map_url": null, "latitude": "-39.260881", "longitude": "177.865826", "location": { "id": 10, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/10/?format=api", "name": "Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1, Mahia Peninsula, New Zealand", "country_code": "NZL", "description": "Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1 is a commercial spaceport located close to Ahuriri Point at the southern tip of Māhia Peninsula, on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. It is owned and operated by private spaceflight company Rocket Lab and supports launches of the company's Electron rocket for small satellites. With the launch of Electron on 25 May 2017, it became the first private spaceport to host an orbital launch attempt, and the first site in New Zealand to host an orbital launch attempt. With the Electron launch of 21 January 2018, it became the first private spaceport to host a successful orbital launch.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_10_20200803142509.jpg", "timezone_name": "Pacific/Auckland", "total_launch_count": 57, "total_landing_count": 17 }, "country_code": "NZL", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_210_20230819165718.jpg", "total_launch_count": 0, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 0 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/electron_image_20190705175640.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7120, "location_launch_attempt_count": 72, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 14, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 86, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 271, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 20, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 14, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 28, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "cd10c1a7-886f-427d-a653-106001da54d6", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/cd10c1a7-886f-427d-a653-106001da54d6/?format=api", "slug": "electron-northstar-3", "name": "Electron | NorthStar 3", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "To Be Determined", "abbrev": "TBD", "description": "Current date is a placeholder or rough estimation based on unreliable or interpreted sources." }, "last_updated": "2024-12-06T05:10:56Z", "net": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_end": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_start": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 14, "name": "Year", "abbrev": "Y", "description": "The T-0 is expected in the given year." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 147, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/147/?format=api", "name": "Rocket Lab", "type": "Commercial" }, "rocket": { "id": 7942, "configuration": { "id": 26, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/26/?format=api", "name": "Electron", "family": "", "full_name": "Electron", "variant": "" } }, "mission": { "id": 6451, "name": "NorthStar 3", "description": "Four space situational awareness (SSA) satellites for Canadian company NorthStar Earth and Space.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Space Situational Awareness", "orbit": { "id": 8, "name": "Low Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "LEO" }, "agencies": [], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 210, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/210/?format=api", "agency_id": null, "name": "Unknown Pad", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": null, "map_url": null, "latitude": "-39.260881", "longitude": "177.865826", "location": { "id": 10, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/10/?format=api", "name": "Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1, Mahia Peninsula, New Zealand", "country_code": "NZL", "description": "Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1 is a commercial spaceport located close to Ahuriri Point at the southern tip of Māhia Peninsula, on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. It is owned and operated by private spaceflight company Rocket Lab and supports launches of the company's Electron rocket for small satellites. With the launch of Electron on 25 May 2017, it became the first private spaceport to host an orbital launch attempt, and the first site in New Zealand to host an orbital launch attempt. With the Electron launch of 21 January 2018, it became the first private spaceport to host a successful orbital launch.", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/location_10_20200803142509.jpg", "timezone_name": "Pacific/Auckland", "total_launch_count": 57, "total_landing_count": 17 }, "country_code": "NZL", "map_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/map_images/pad_210_20230819165718.jpg", "total_launch_count": 0, "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 0 }, "webcast_live": false, "image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/electron_image_20190705175640.jpeg", "infographic": null, "program": [], "orbital_launch_attempt_count": 7120, "location_launch_attempt_count": 72, "pad_launch_attempt_count": 14, "agency_launch_attempt_count": 86, "orbital_launch_attempt_count_year": 271, "location_launch_attempt_count_year": 20, "pad_launch_attempt_count_year": 14, "agency_launch_attempt_count_year": 28, "type": "normal" }, { "id": "458e2e52-87b0-4707-96d8-6899f92e53ee", "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/launch/458e2e52-87b0-4707-96d8-6899f92e53ee/?format=api", "slug": "soyuz-21bfregat-glonass-k1-no-19", "name": "Soyuz 2.1b/Fregat | Glonass-K1 No. 19", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "To Be Determined", "abbrev": "TBD", "description": "Current date is a placeholder or rough estimation based on unreliable or interpreted sources." }, "last_updated": "2024-12-05T15:10:43Z", "net": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_end": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "window_start": "2025-12-31T00:00:00Z", "net_precision": { "id": 14, "name": "Year", "abbrev": "Y", "description": "The T-0 is expected in the given year." }, "probability": null, "weather_concerns": null, "holdreason": "", "failreason": "", "hashtag": null, "launch_service_provider": { "id": 193, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/193/?format=api", "name": "Russian Space Forces", "type": "Government" }, "rocket": { "id": 8148, "configuration": { "id": 42, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/config/launcher/42/?format=api", "name": "Soyuz 2.1b/Fregat", "family": "Soyuz", "full_name": "Soyuz 2.1b Fregat", "variant": "Fregat" } }, "mission": { "id": 6707, "name": "Glonass-K1 No. 19", "description": "Glonass-K are the third generation of satellite design for GLONASS satellite navigation system. GLONASS is a Russian space-based navigation system comparable to the similar GPS and Galileo systems. This generation improves on accuracy, power consumption and design life. Each satellite is unpressurized and weighs 935 kg, and has an operational lifetime of 10 years.", "launch_designator": null, "type": "Navigation", "orbit": { "id": 12, "name": "Medium Earth Orbit", "abbrev": "MEO" }, "agencies": [ { "id": 193, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/193/?format=api", "name": "Russian Space Forces", "featured": false, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "VKS", "description": "The Russian Space Forces are a branch of the Russian Aerospace Forces, that provides aerospace warning, air sovereignty, and protection for Russia. Having been reestablished following August 1, 2015 merger between the Russian Air Force and the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces after a 2011 dissolving of the branch. The Russian Space Forces were originally formed on August 10, 1992 and the creation of the Russian Armed Forces.", "administrator": "Commander: Aleksandr Golovko", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "launch_library_url": null, "total_launch_count": 143, "consecutive_successful_launches": 55, "successful_launches": 135, "failed_launches": 8, "pending_launches": 2, "consecutive_successful_landings": 0, "successful_landings": 0, "failed_landings": 0, "attempted_landings": 0, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520space2520forces_logo_20200805185824.png", "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520space2520forces_image_20191210085547.png", "nation_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520space2520forces_nation_20230805154528.png" } ], "info_urls": [], "vid_urls": [] }, "pad": { "id": 48, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/pad/48/?format=api", "agency_id": 163, "name": "Unknown Pad", "description": null, "info_url": null, "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome", "map_url": "https://www.google.com/maps?q=62.925556,40.577778", "latitude": "62.925556", "longitude": "40.577778", "location": { "id": 6, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/location/6/?format=api", "name": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation", "country_code": "RUS", "description": "Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk. Originally developed as an ICBM site for the R-7 missile, it also served for numerous satellite launches using the R-7 and other rockets. Its high latitude makes it useful only for certain types of launches, especially the Molniya orbits, so for much of the site's history it functioned as a secondary location, with most orbital launches taking place from Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR. With the end of the Soviet Union, Baikonur became a foreign territory, and Kazakhstan charged $115 million usage fees annually. 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