Astronaut List
API endpoint that allows Astronaut to be viewed.
GET: Return a list of all the existing astronauts.
MODE: Normal, List, LaunchList and Detailed /2.2.0/astronaut/?mode=detailed
FILTERS: Parameters - 'name', 'status', 'nationality', 'agency__name', 'agency__abbrev', 'date_of_birth', 'date_of_death', 'status_ids', 'is_human', 'type__id', 'has_flown', 'in_space' Example - /2.2.0/astronaut/?nationality=American
SEARCH EXAMPLE: /2.2.0/astronaut/?search=armstrong Searches through name, nationality and agency name
ORDERING: Fields - 'name', 'status', 'date_of_birth' Example - /2.2.0/astronaut/?order=name
GET /2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&offset=770&ordering=eva_time
{ "count": 788, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&limit=10&offset=780&ordering=eva_time", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&limit=10&offset=760&ordering=eva_time", "results": [ { "id": 456, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/456/?format=api", "name": "Steven Smith", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P40DT15M23S", "eva_time": "P1DT23H48M", "age": 65, "date_of_birth": "1958-12-30", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Steven Lee Smith is an American technology executive and former NASA astronaut, being a veteran of four space flights covering 16 million miles and seven space walks totaling 49 hours and 25 minutes. Smith’s spacewalk time places him in the top ten on the all-time American and World spacewalk duration lists.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Smith_(astronaut)", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Bill Nelson", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/steven2520smith_image_20181202145946.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190622.jpeg", "flights_count": 4, "landings_count": 4, "spacewalks_count": 7, "last_flight": "2002-04-08T20:44:19Z", "first_flight": "1994-09-30T11:16:01Z" }, { "id": 528, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/528/?format=api", "name": "Michael E. Fossum", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P193DT19H2M8S", "eva_time": "P2DT32M", "age": 67, "date_of_birth": "1957-12-19", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Michael Edward Fossum is a former American astronaut and the Chief Operating Officer of Texas A&M University at Galveston. He flew into space on board the NASA Space Shuttle missions STS-121 and STS-124 and served as a mission specialist of Expedition 28 and commander of Expedition 29 aboard the International Space Station.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_E._Fossum", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Bill Nelson", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/michael_e._foss_image_20220911033951.jpeg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191143.jpeg", "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 7, "last_flight": "2011-06-07T20:12:45Z", "first_flight": "2006-07-04T18:37:55Z" }, { "id": 500, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/500/?format=api", "name": "Edward Michael Fincke", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P381DT15H8M59S", "eva_time": "P2DT36M", "age": 57, "date_of_birth": "1967-03-14", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Edward Michael \"Mike\"/\"Spanky\" Fincke is an American astronaut who formerly held the American record for the most time in space (381.6 days). His record was broken by Scott Kelly on October 16, 2015. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, but considers its suburb Emsworth to be his hometown. He is a United States Air Force officer and a NASA astronaut, and served two tours aboard the International Space Station as a flight engineer and commander. He flew on one Space Shuttle mission, STS-134 as a Mission Specialist.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fincke", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Bill Nelson", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/michael_fincke_image_20220911033941.jpeg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185523.jpeg", "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 9, "last_flight": "2011-05-16T12:56:28Z", "first_flight": "2004-04-19T03:19:00Z" }, { "id": 537, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/537/?format=api", "name": "Sunita Williams", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": true, "time_in_space": "P524DT4H19S", "eva_time": "P2DT2H41M", "age": 59, "date_of_birth": "1965-09-19", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Sunita Pandya Lyn Williams is an American astronaut and United States Navy officer of Indo-Slovenian descent. She formerly held the records for total spacewalks by a woman (seven) and most spacewalk time for a woman (50 hours, 40 minutes). Williams was assigned to the International Space Station as a member of Expedition 14 and Expedition 15. In 2012, she served as a flight engineer on Expedition 32 and then commander of Expedition 33.", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/Astro_Suni", "instagram": "https://www.instagram.com/astro_williams/", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Bill Nelson", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/sunita2520williams_image_20181203164912.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190426.jpeg", "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 7, "last_flight": "2024-06-05T14:52:15Z", "first_flight": "2006-12-10T01:47:35Z" }, { "id": 13, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/13/?format=api", "name": "Richard Mastracchio", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P227DT13H36M54S", "eva_time": "P2DT5H2M", "age": 64, "date_of_birth": "1960-02-11", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Richard Alan \"Rick\" Mastracchio is an American engineer and former NASA astronaut. He has flown on three NASA Space Shuttle missions as a mission specialist in addition to serving as a Flight Engineer on the Soyuz TMA-11M (Expedition 38/Expedition 39) long duration mission aboard the International Space Station. He is currently the Senior Director of Operations for Commercial Resupply Services at Orbital ATK.", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/AstroRM", "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Mastracchio", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Bill Nelson", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/richard_mastrac_image_20220911033746.jpeg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191152.jpeg", "flights_count": 4, "landings_count": 4, "spacewalks_count": 9, "last_flight": "2013-11-07T04:14:15Z", "first_flight": "2000-09-08T12:45:47Z" }, { "id": 584, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/584/?format=api", "name": "Sergey Prokopyev", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P567DT15H11M30S", "eva_time": "P2DT5H17M27S", "age": 49, "date_of_birth": "1975-02-19", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Russian", "bio": "Sergei Valeriyevich Prokopyev, born 19 February 1975 is a Russian cosmonaut. He is the commander of Soyuz MS-09, and flight engineer of Expedition 56/57 to the International space station.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Prokopyev_(cosmonaut)", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/sergey2520prokopyev_image_20181207031221.jfif", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190826.jpeg", "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 8, "last_flight": "2022-09-21T13:54:49Z", "first_flight": "2018-06-06T11:12:41Z" }, { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/17/?format=api", "name": "Oleg Artemyev", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P560DT18H7M55S", "eva_time": "P2DT5H31M", "age": 53, "date_of_birth": "1970-12-28", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Russian", "bio": "Oleg Germanovich Artemyev (Russian: Олег Германович Артемьев) is a Russian Cosmonaut for the Russian Federal Space Agency. He was selected as part of the RKKE-15 Cosmonaut group in 2003. He was a Flight engineer of Expedition 39 and 40 to the International Space Station, and in 2018 he returned to space as the Commander of Soyuz MS-08.", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/OlegMKS", "instagram": "https://www.instagram.com/olegmks/", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_Artemyev", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/oleg_artemyev_image_20220316173454.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191149.jpeg", "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 8, "last_flight": "2022-03-18T15:55:19Z", "first_flight": "2014-03-25T21:17:23Z" }, { "id": 555, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/555/?format=api", "name": "Christopher Cassidy", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P377DT17H48M24S", "eva_time": "P2DT6H51M", "age": 54, "date_of_birth": "1970-01-04", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Christopher John \"Chris\" Cassidy is a NASA astronaut and United States Navy SEAL. Chris Cassidy achieved the rank of Captain in the U.S. Navy. He was the Chief of the Astronaut Office at NASA from July 2015 until June 2017.\r\n\r\nCassidy attended York High School, in York, Maine. He then graduated from the Naval Academy Preparatory School in Newport, Rhode Island, in 1989. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics from the United States Naval Academy in 1993 and a Master of Science degree in Ocean Engineering from MIT in 2000. While in the Navy, Cassidy passed BUD/S and became a Navy SEAL. While a SEAL he served several tours of duty supporting the fight in the War on Terror. His first spaceflight was on Space Shuttle mission STS-127, and his second was as a flight engineer for Expedition 35/36, launched aboard Soyuz TMA-08M. He was in space between July 15–31, 2009 and March 28 – September 10, 2013. Cassidy has worked as a CAPCOM for both International Space Station and Space Shuttle missions in the past.\r\n\r\nCassidy announced his retirement from both the Navy and NASA Astronaut Corps on May 28, 2021.", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/astro_seal", "instagram": "https://www.instagram.com/astro_seal", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Cassidy", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Bill Nelson", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/christopher_cas_image_20200408132634.jpeg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185334.jpeg", "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 10, "last_flight": "2020-04-09T08:05:06Z", "first_flight": "2009-07-15T22:03:10Z" }, { "id": 378, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/378/?format=api", "name": "Jerry L. Ross", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P58DT51M5S", "eva_time": "P2DT9H55M", "age": 76, "date_of_birth": "1948-01-20", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Jerry Lynn Ross is a retired United States Air Force officer and a former NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of seven Space Shuttle missions, making him the joint record holder for most spaceflights (a record he shares with Franklin Chang-Diaz). His papers, photographs and many personal items are in the Barron Hilton Flight and Space Exploration Archives at Purdue University. He was inducted into the Astronaut Hall of Fame during ceremonies in May 2014.\r\n\r\nRoss is the author of Spacewalker: My Journey in Space and Faith as NASA's Record-Setting Frequent Flyer (Purdue University Press, 2013) with John Norberg. In March 2014 it was announced \"Spacewalker\" will be available in a French translation through the specialist aerospace publisher Altipresse.\r\n\r\nFellow astronaut Chris Hadfield describes Ross in his autobiography, An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth, as \"the embodiment of the trustworthy, loyal, courteous and brave astronaut archetype.\"", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_L._Ross", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Bill Nelson", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/jerry2520l.2520ross_image_20181202121238.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185452.jpeg", "flights_count": 7, "landings_count": 7, "spacewalks_count": 9, "last_flight": "2002-04-08T20:44:19Z", "first_flight": "1985-11-27T00:29:00Z" }, { "id": 449, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/449/?format=api", "name": "John M. Grunsfeld", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P58DT15H3M26S", "eva_time": "P2DT10H30M", "age": 66, "date_of_birth": "1958-10-10", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "John Mace Grunsfeld is an American physicist and a former NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of five Space Shuttle flights and has served as NASA Chief Scientist. His academic background includes research in high energy astrophysics, cosmic ray physics and the emerging field of exoplanet studies with specific interest in future astronomical instrumentation. After retiring from NASA in 2009, he served as the Deputy Director of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland. In January 2012, he returned to NASA and served as associate administrator of NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD). Grunsfeld announced his retirement from NASA in April 2016.", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/SciAstro", "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Grunsfeld", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. 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