Astronaut List
API endpoint that allows Astronaut to be viewed.
GET: Return a list of all the existing astronauts.
MODE: Normal, List, LaunchList and Detailed /2.2.0/astronaut/?mode=detailed
FILTERS: Parameters - 'name', 'status', 'nationality', 'agency__name', 'agency__abbrev', 'date_of_birth', 'date_of_death', 'status_ids', 'is_human', 'type__id', 'has_flown', 'in_space' Example - /2.2.0/astronaut/?nationality=American
SEARCH EXAMPLE: /2.2.0/astronaut/?search=armstrong Searches through name, nationality and agency name
ORDERING: Fields - 'name', 'status', 'date_of_birth' Example - /2.2.0/astronaut/?order=name
GET /2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&offset=590&ordering=-id
{ "count": 784, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&limit=10&offset=600&ordering=-id", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&limit=10&offset=580&ordering=-id", "results": [ { "id": 205, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/205/?format=api", "name": "Grigori Nelyubov", "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P0D", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 31, "date_of_birth": "1934-03-31", "date_of_death": "1966-02-18", "nationality": "Russian", "bio": "Grigori Grigoryevich Nelyubov (Russian: Григо́рий Григо́рьевич Нелю́бов; March 31, 1934 – February 18, 1966) was one of the original 20 Soviet cosmonauts, who was dismissed from the Soviet space program in 1963 for drunk and disorderly conduct. His existence in the program was kept secret until the advent of Soviet glasnost in the late 1980s. He committed suicide on February 18, 1966.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigori_Nelyubov", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/grigori2520nelyubov_image_20181201181902.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190421.jpeg", "flights_count": 0, "landings_count": 0, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": null, "first_flight": null }, { "id": 204, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/204/?format=api", "name": "Talgat Musabayev", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P341DT11H58M8S", "eva_time": "P1DT17H22M", "age": 73, "date_of_birth": "1951-01-07", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Kazakh", "bio": "Talgat Amangeldyuly Musabayev (Kazakh: Талғат Аманкелдіұлы Мұсабаев; born 7 January 1951) is a Kazakh test pilot and former cosmonaut who flew on three spaceflights. His first two spaceflights were long-duration stays aboard the Russian space station Mir. His third spaceflight was a short duration visiting mission to the International Space Station, which also carried the first paying space tourist Dennis Tito. He retired as a cosmonaut in November 2003.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talgat_Musabayev", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/talgat2520musabayev_image_20181201180632.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185626.jpeg", "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 7, "last_flight": "2001-04-28T07:37:20Z", "first_flight": "1994-07-01T12:24:50Z" }, { "id": 203, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/203/?format=api", "name": "Chiaki Mukai", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P23DT15H39M25S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 72, "date_of_birth": "1952-05-06", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Japanese", "bio": "Chiaki Mukai (向井 千秋 Mukai Chiaki, born May 6, 1952, Tatebayashi, Gunma, Japan) is a Japanese doctor and JAXA astronaut. She was the first Japanese woman in space, and was the first Japanese citizen to have two spaceflights. Both were Space Shuttle missions; her first was STS-65 aboard Space Shuttle Columbia in July 1994, which was a Spacelab mission. Her second spaceflight was STS-95 aboard Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998. In total she has spent 23 days in space.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiaki_Mukai", "agency": { "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "JPN", "abbrev": "JAXA", "description": "The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is Japan's national aero-space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and the launch of satellites into orbit, and is involved in many more advanced missions, such as asteroid exploration and possible manned exploration of the Moon. JAXA launch their Epsilon vehicle from the Uchinoura Space Center and their H-II vehicles from the Tanegashima Space Center.", "administrator": "Administrator: Hiroshi Yamakawa", "founding_year": "2003", "launchers": "H-II", "spacecraft": "", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/japan2520aerospace2520exploration2520agency_image_20190207032440.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/japan2520aerospace2520exploration2520agency_logo_20190207032440.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/chiaki2520mukai_image_20181201180321.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190043.jpeg", "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "1998-10-29T19:19:34Z", "first_flight": "1994-07-08T16:43:01Z" }, { "id": 202, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/202/?format=api", "name": "Boris Morukov", "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P11DT19H10M13S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 64, "date_of_birth": "1950-10-01", "date_of_death": "2015-01-01", "nationality": "Russian", "bio": "Boris Vladimirovich Morukov (Russian: Бори́с Влади́мирович Моруков; 1 October 1950 – 1 January 2015) was a Russian physician at the State Research Center RF-Institute for Biomedical Problems (IBMP). He trained with the Russian Federal Space Agency as a research-cosmonaut and flew aboard NASA Space Shuttle mission STS-106 as a mission specialist.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Morukov", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/boris2520morukov_image_20181201180150.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191024.jpeg", "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "2000-09-08T12:45:47Z", "first_flight": "2000-09-08T12:45:47Z" }, { "id": 201, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/201/?format=api", "name": "Mamoru Mohri", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P19DT4H9M20S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 76, "date_of_birth": "1948-01-29", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Japanese", "bio": "Mamoru “Mark” Mohri (毛利 衛 Mōri Mamoru, born 29 January 1948), AM is a Japanese scientist, a former NASDA astronaut, and a veteran of two NASA space shuttle missions.\r\nMohri was selected by the National Space Development Agency of Japan (now JAXA) to train as a payload specialist for a Japanese materials science payload. He flew his first space mission aboard STS-47 in 1992 as chief payload specialist for Spacelab-J. Mohri subsequently made another trip into space as part of mission STS-99 in 2000.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamoru_Mohri", "agency": { "id": 37, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/37/?format=api", "name": "Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "JPN", "abbrev": "JAXA", "description": "The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is Japan's national aero-space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and the launch of satellites into orbit, and is involved in many more advanced missions, such as asteroid exploration and possible manned exploration of the Moon. JAXA launch their Epsilon vehicle from the Uchinoura Space Center and their H-II vehicles from the Tanegashima Space Center.", "administrator": "Administrator: Hiroshi Yamakawa", "founding_year": "2003", "launchers": "H-II", "spacecraft": "", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/japan2520aerospace2520exploration2520agency_image_20190207032440.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/japan2520aerospace2520exploration2520agency_logo_20190207032440.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/mamoru2520mohri_image_20181201180028.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185926.jpeg", "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "2000-02-11T17:43:40Z", "first_flight": "1992-09-12T14:23:00Z" }, { "id": 200, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/200/?format=api", "name": "Abdul Ahad Mohmand", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P8DT20H26M27S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 65, "date_of_birth": "1959-01-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Afghan", "bio": "Abdul Ahad Mohmand (Pashto: عبدالاحد مومند; born January 1, 1959) is a former Afghan Air Force aviator who became the first Afghan citizen and fourth Muslim to journey to outer space. He became one of Soyuz TM-6 crew members and spent nine days aboard the Mir space station in 1988 as an Intercosmos Research Cosmonaut.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Ahad_Mohmand", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/abdul2520ahad2520mohmand_image_20181201175826.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185728.jpeg", "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "1988-08-29T04:23:11Z", "first_flight": "1988-08-29T04:23:11Z" }, { "id": 199, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/199/?format=api", "name": "Andreas Mogensen", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P208DT22H32M50S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 48, "date_of_birth": "1976-11-02", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Danish", "bio": "Andreas Enevold Mogensen (born November 2, 1976) is a Danish engineer and astronaut. He was the first Dane to fly in space as part of the iriss programme\r\nOn September 2, 2015, Mogensen was launched with Soyuz TMA-18M to ISS, and landed with Soyuz TMA-16M ten days later. He was travelling with another visiting flight engineer, Aidyn Aimbetov. Among the items Andreas brought along were LEGO figures and a poster for Copenhagen Suborbitals.", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/Astro_Andreas", "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Mogensen", "agency": { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "featured": false, "type": "Multinational", "country_code": "FRA,ITA,DEU,ESP,CHE,GBR,AUT,SWE,PRT,NLD,HUN,POL,DNK,CZE,ROU,NOR,FIN,GRC,EST,IRL,LUX,BEL", "abbrev": "ESA", "description": "The European Space Agency is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states. Established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris, France, ESA has a worldwide staff of about 2,000 employees.\r\n\r\nESA's space flight programme includes human spaceflight (mainly through participation in the International Space Station program); the launch and operation of unmanned exploration missions to other planets and the Moon; Earth observation, science and telecommunication; designing launch vehicles; and maintaining a major spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana.", "administrator": "Director General: Josef Aschbacher", "founding_year": "1975", "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "parent": null, "image_url": null, "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/european2520space2520agency_logo_20221130101442.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/andreas_mogense_image_20230826072839.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190400.jpeg", "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "2023-08-26T07:27:27Z", "first_flight": "2015-09-02T04:37:43Z" }, { "id": 198, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/198/?format=api", "name": "Alexander Misurkin", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P346DT7H3M41S", "eva_time": "P1DT4H14M", "age": 47, "date_of_birth": "1977-09-23", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Russian", "bio": "Alexander Alexanderovich Misurkin (Russian: Aлександр Aлександрович Мисуркин) born on September 23, 1977, a major in the Russian Air Force, is a Russian cosmonaut, selected in 2006. He flew aboard Soyuz TMA-08M on 28 March 2013 as his first space mission, and launched on Soyuz MS-06 as his second flight, in 2017. He was Commander of the International Space Station for Expedition 54.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Misurkin", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/alexander_misur_image_20211102151859.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190640.jpeg", "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 4, "last_flight": "2021-12-08T07:38:15Z", "first_flight": "2013-03-28T20:43:20Z" }, { "id": 197, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/197/?format=api", "name": "Ernst Messerschmid", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P7DT44M", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 79, "date_of_birth": "1945-05-21", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "German", "bio": "Ernst Willi Messerschmid (born May 21, 1945) is a German physicist and former astronaut.\r\nFrom 1978 to 1982, he worked at the DFVLR (the precursor of the DLR) in the Institute of Communications Technology in Oberpfaffenhofen on space-borne communications. In 1983, he was selected as one of the astronauts for the first German Spacelab mission D-1. He flew as payload specialist on STS-61-A in 1985, spending over 168 hours in space.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Messerschmid", "agency": { "id": 29, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/29/?format=api", "name": "German Aerospace Center", "featured": false, "type": "Government", "country_code": "DEU", "abbrev": "DLR", "description": "The German Aerospace Center is Germany's Center for aerospace, energy, and transportation research. Their main work is as a contributor to the ESA. They have done work both in tandem with the US on Space Shuttle and the ISS, and also with other European Nations on missions like Space Lab and Mars Express.", "administrator": "Administrator: Anke Kaysser-Pyzalla", "founding_year": "1969", "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "Mars Express | Rosetta | Dawn", "parent": null, "image_url": null, "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/german2520aerospace2520center_logo_20230806164738.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ernst2520messerschmid_image_20181201175413.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185837.jpeg", "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "1985-10-30T17:00:00Z", "first_flight": "1985-10-30T17:00:00Z" }, { "id": 196, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/196/?format=api", "name": "Ulf Merbold", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P49DT20H36M57S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 83, "date_of_birth": "1941-06-20", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "German", "bio": "Dr. Ulf Dietrich Merbold (born June 20, 1941) is the first West German citizen and second German native (after Sigmund Jähn) to have flown in space. He is also the first member of the European Space Agency Astronaut Corps to participate in a spaceflight mission and the first non-US citizen to reach orbit in a US spacecraft. In 1983, he and Byron Lichtenberg became the first Payload Specialists to fly on the shuttle.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulf_Merbold", "agency": { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "featured": false, "type": "Multinational", "country_code": "FRA,ITA,DEU,ESP,CHE,GBR,AUT,SWE,PRT,NLD,HUN,POL,DNK,CZE,ROU,NOR,FIN,GRC,EST,IRL,LUX,BEL", "abbrev": "ESA", "description": "The European Space Agency is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states. 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