Astronaut List
API endpoint that allows Astronaut to be viewed.
GET: Return a list of all the existing astronauts.
MODE: Normal, List, LaunchList and Detailed /2.2.0/astronaut/?mode=detailed
FILTERS: Parameters - 'name', 'status', 'nationality', 'agency__name', 'agency__abbrev', 'date_of_birth', 'date_of_death', 'status_ids', 'is_human', 'type__id', 'has_flown', 'in_space' Example - /2.2.0/astronaut/?nationality=American
SEARCH EXAMPLE: /2.2.0/astronaut/?search=armstrong Searches through name, nationality and agency name
ORDERING: Fields - 'name', 'status', 'date_of_birth' Example - /2.2.0/astronaut/?order=name
GET /2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&offset=40&ordering=landings_count
{ "count": 788, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&limit=10&offset=50&ordering=landings_count", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&limit=10&offset=30&ordering=landings_count", "results": [ { "id": 804, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/804/?format=api", "name": "Shubhanshu Shukla", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "type": { "id": 1, "name": "Unknown" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P0D", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 39, "date_of_birth": "1985-10-10", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Indian", "bio": "Indian astronaut part of the first group of the Indian domestic human spaceflight program.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": null, "agency": { "id": 31, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/31/?format=api", "name": "Indian Space Research Organization", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "IND", "abbrev": "ISRO", "description": "The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the space agency of the Government of India headquartered in the city of Bangalore. Its vision is to \"harness space technology for national development while pursuing space science research and planetary exploration.\"", "administrator": "Chairman: S. Somanath", "founding_year": "1969", "launchers": "PSLV | GSLV", "spacecraft": "Gaganyaan", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/indian2520space2520research2520organization_image_20190215225409.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/indian2520space2520research2520organization_logo_20190215225409.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/shubhanshu_shuk_image_20240803064210.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/shubhanshu_shuk_image_thumbnail_20240803064212.jpeg", "flights_count": 0, "landings_count": 0, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": null, "first_flight": null }, { "id": 645, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/645/?format=api", "name": "Andrei Babkin", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P0D", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 55, "date_of_birth": "1969-04-21", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Russian", "bio": "Andrei Nikolaevich Babkin (Russian: Андре́й Никола́евич Ба́бкин) is a Russian Engineer and Cosmonaut who was selected in April 2010.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Babkin", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/andrei2520babkin_image_20200129210447.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185251.jpeg", "flights_count": 0, "landings_count": 0, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": null, "first_flight": null }, { "id": 644, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/644/?format=api", "name": "Nikolai Tikhonov", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P0D", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 42, "date_of_birth": "1982-05-23", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Russian", "bio": "Nikolay Vladimirovich Tikhonov (Russian: Николай В. Тихонов) was born May 23, 1982. He is a former Russian cosmonaut, selected in 2006.\r\n\r\nHe was selected as a backup flight engineer for Soyuz MS-02. He was made a prime crew member of Soyuz MS-04 but, due to Russian budget cuts, the crews were changed and Tikhonov was then slated to make his first spaceflight on the Soyuz MS-10 spacecraft. He was again removed from the manifest due to delays in launching the Russian Nauka module. He was scheduled to fly into space as commander of the Soyuz MS-15 mission, although he was removed for a third time following the aborted launch of Soyuz MS-10, and the subsequent crew changes that followed. He was then scheduled to finally make his first flight onboard Soyuz MS-16 in 2020. However he reportedly got an eye injury a month before the launch, was replaced on the flight, and subsequently left the cosmonaut corps due to health issues.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Tikhonov_(cosmonaut)", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/nikolai2520tikhonov_image_20200129210520.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191106.jpeg", "flights_count": 0, "landings_count": 0, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": null, "first_flight": null }, { "id": 715, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/715/?format=api", "name": "Jessica Wittner", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "In-Training" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P0D", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 41, "date_of_birth": "1983-01-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Jessica Wittner is a US Navy commander from California with a distinguished career serving on active duty as a naval aviator and test pilot. She holds a Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Arizona, and a Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. Wittner was commissioned as a naval officer through an enlisted-to-officer program and has served operationally flying F/A-18 fighter jets with Strike Fighter Squadron 34 in Virginia Beach, Virginia, and Strike Fighter Squadron 151 in Lemoore, California. A graduate of U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, she also worked as a test pilot and project officer with Air Test and Evaluation Squadron 31 in China Lake, California.\r\n\r\nExact date of birth unknown.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Wittner", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Bill Nelson", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/jessica_wittner_image_20211206185425.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190332.jpeg", "flights_count": 0, "landings_count": 0, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": null, "first_flight": null }, { "id": 707, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/707/?format=api", "name": "Marcos Berríos", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "In-Training" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P0D", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 40, "date_of_birth": "1984-01-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Marcos Berríos is a US Air Force major who grew up in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. While a reservist in the Air National Guard, Berríos worked as an aerospace engineer for the US Army Aviation Development Directorate at Moffett Federal Airfield in California. He is a test pilot who holds a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a master’s degree in mechanical engineering as well as a doctorate in aeronautics and astronautics from Stanford University. A distinguished pilot, Berríos has accumulated more than 110 combat missions and 1,300 hours of flight time in more than 21 different aircraft.\r\n\r\nExact date of birth unknown.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcos_Berr%C3%ADos", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Bill Nelson", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/marcos_berr25c_image_20211206185342.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185320.jpeg", "flights_count": 0, "landings_count": 0, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": null, "first_flight": null }, { "id": 747, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/747/?format=api", "name": "Sophie Adenot", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "In-Training" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P0D", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 42, "date_of_birth": "1982-07-05", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "French", "bio": "Between 2001 and 2003, Sophie studied engineering and graduated from ISAE-SUPAERO in Toulouse, France, where she specialised in spacecraft and aircraft flight dynamics. She then completed a Master of Science in human factors engineering at MIT – Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston, USA, in 2004.\r\nIn 2005, Sophie joined the French Air Force for her basic military training and initial flying training to become a helicopter pilot. \r\n\r\nIn 2018, she graduated with honours as a helicopter test pilot from the Empire Test Pilots’ School in Boscombe Down, UK. She was awarded the Mac Kenna trophy and the Patuxtent Shield.\r\nBetween 2019 and 2022, Sophie worked as a helicopter experimental test pilot in Cazaux Flight Test Center with DGA (Direction Générale de l’Armement – the French Defence Procurement Agency). She has logged 3000 hours and flew on 22 different helicopter types. She also holds a military parachute license, a light aircraft pilot license and a glider pilot license.", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/Soph_astro", "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Adenot", "agency": { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "featured": false, "type": "Multinational", "country_code": "FRA,ITA,DEU,ESP,CHE,GBR,AUT,SWE,PRT,NLD,HUN,POL,DNK,CZE,ROU,NOR,FIN,GRC,EST,IRL,LUX,BEL", "abbrev": "ESA", "description": "The European Space Agency is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states. Established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris, France, ESA has a worldwide staff of about 2,000 employees.\r\n\r\nESA's space flight programme includes human spaceflight (mainly through participation in the International Space Station program); the launch and operation of unmanned exploration missions to other planets and the Moon; Earth observation, science and telecommunication; designing launch vehicles; and maintaining a major spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana.", "administrator": "Director General: Josef Aschbacher", "founding_year": "1975", "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "parent": null, "image_url": null, "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/european2520space2520agency_logo_20221130101442.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/sophie_adenot_image_20221123150954.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185354.jpeg", "flights_count": 0, "landings_count": 0, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": null, "first_flight": null }, { "id": 751, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/751/?format=api", "name": "Marco Alain Sieber", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "In-Training" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P0D", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": null, "date_of_birth": null, "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Swiss", "bio": "In 2009, Marco joined the paratrooper training with the Swiss Special Forces Commando at the Swiss Army, where he achieved the military rank of Sergeant.\r\n\r\nIn 2015, he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the University of Bern, Switzerland. His doctoral thesis was on robotic surgery and he was awarded best final exam for his physician diploma.\r\n\r\nIn 2021, he earned his specialist diploma in pre-clinical emergency and rescue medicine (SGNOR).\r\n\r\nBetween 2009 and 2015, Marco was working as an assistant teacher for anatomy and physiology courses at the faculty of medicine at the University of Bern. At the same time, he was also a skydiving instructor for pre-military paratrooper courses.\r\n\r\nBetween 2015 to 2017, he was a general surgery/traumatology, as well as an intensive care unit resident in Interlaken, Switzerland.\r\n\r\nAfter becoming chief medical officer with Swisscoy (Swiss Army) for KFOR (Kosovo) in 2018, Marco worked as an emergency medicine resident at the University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland, until 2019.\r\n\r\nBetween 2019 and 2021, he was an anaesthesiology resident in Interlaken, Switzerland.\r\n\r\nBetween 2020 and 2022, Marco worked as a helicopter rescue emergency medical doctor and joined the hospital in Biel, Switzerland as an urology resident one year later.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": null, "agency": { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "featured": false, "type": "Multinational", "country_code": "FRA,ITA,DEU,ESP,CHE,GBR,AUT,SWE,PRT,NLD,HUN,POL,DNK,CZE,ROU,NOR,FIN,GRC,EST,IRL,LUX,BEL", "abbrev": "ESA", "description": "The European Space Agency is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states. Established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris, France, ESA has a worldwide staff of about 2,000 employees.\r\n\r\nESA's space flight programme includes human spaceflight (mainly through participation in the International Space Station program); the launch and operation of unmanned exploration missions to other planets and the Moon; Earth observation, science and telecommunication; designing launch vehicles; and maintaining a major spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana.", "administrator": "Director General: Josef Aschbacher", "founding_year": "1975", "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "parent": null, "image_url": null, "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/european2520space2520agency_logo_20221130101442.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/marco_alain_sie_image_20221123151653.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190838.jpeg", "flights_count": 0, "landings_count": 0, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": null, "first_flight": null }, { "id": 746, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/746/?format=api", "name": "John McFall", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "In-Training" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P0D", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 43, "date_of_birth": "1981-04-25", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "British", "bio": "John has a background in sports and exercise science. He completed his bachelor’s degree from Swansea University, UK, in 2004, and his master’s degree from University of Wales Institute in Cardiff, UK, in 2005. \r\nIn 2014, John graduated with a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery from the Cardiff University School of Medicine, UK. He became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 2016 and is currently a Trauma and Orthopaedic Specialist Registrar working in the south of England.\r\nFollowing a motorcycle accident that resulted in the amputation of his right leg at the age of 19, John learned to run again. He became a professional track and field athlete in 2005, going on to represent Great Britain and Northern Ireland as a Paralympic sprinter, class T42.", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/iamfivetoes", "instagram": "https://www.instagram.com/mrjohnmcfall/", "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McFall_(athlete)", "agency": { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "featured": false, "type": "Multinational", "country_code": "FRA,ITA,DEU,ESP,CHE,GBR,AUT,SWE,PRT,NLD,HUN,POL,DNK,CZE,ROU,NOR,FIN,GRC,EST,IRL,LUX,BEL", "abbrev": "ESA", "description": "The European Space Agency is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states. Established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris, France, ESA has a worldwide staff of about 2,000 employees.\r\n\r\nESA's space flight programme includes human spaceflight (mainly through participation in the International Space Station program); the launch and operation of unmanned exploration missions to other planets and the Moon; Earth observation, science and telecommunication; designing launch vehicles; and maintaining a major spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana.", "administrator": "Director General: Josef Aschbacher", "founding_year": "1975", "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "parent": null, "image_url": null, "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/european2520space2520agency_logo_20221130101442.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/john_mcfall_image_20221123150741.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190512.jpeg", "flights_count": 0, "landings_count": 0, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": null, "first_flight": null }, { "id": 711, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/711/?format=api", "name": "Andre Douglas", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "In-Training" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P0D", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": null, "date_of_birth": null, "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Andre Douglas is a Virginia native. He earned a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy, a master’s degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Michigan, a master’s degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan, a master’s degree in electrical and computer engineering from Johns Hopkins University, and a doctorate in systems engineering from the George Washington University. Douglas served in the U.S. Coast Guard as a naval architect, salvage engineer, damage control assistant, and officer of the deck. He most recently was a senior staff member at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab, working on maritime robotics, planetary defense, and space exploration missions for NASA.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_Douglas", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. 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He was part of NASA Astronaut Group 6, a group of scientist-astronauts chosen with the intention of training for the Apollo Applications Program.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_O%27Leary", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. 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