Astronaut List
API endpoint that allows Astronaut to be viewed.
GET: Return a list of all the existing astronauts.
MODE: Normal, List, LaunchList and Detailed /2.2.0/astronaut/?mode=detailed
FILTERS: Parameters - 'name', 'status', 'nationality', 'agency__name', 'agency__abbrev', 'date_of_birth', 'date_of_death', 'status_ids', 'is_human', 'type__id', 'has_flown', 'in_space' Example - /2.2.0/astronaut/?nationality=American
SEARCH EXAMPLE: /2.2.0/astronaut/?search=armstrong Searches through name, nationality and agency name
ORDERING: Fields - 'name', 'status', 'date_of_birth' Example - /2.2.0/astronaut/?order=name
GET /2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&offset=30&ordering=spacewalks_count
{ "count": 824, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&limit=10&offset=40&ordering=spacewalks_count", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&limit=10&offset=20&ordering=spacewalks_count", "results": [ { "id": 790, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/790/?format=api", "name": "Edward Joseph Dwight Jr.", "status": { "id": 14, "name": "Occasional Spaceflight" }, "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "PT9M53S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 92, "date_of_birth": "1933-09-09", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "In 1961, Ed was chosen by President John F. Kennedy to enter training at the Aerospace Research Pilot School (ARPS), an elite U.S. Air Force flight training program known as a pathway for entering the NASA Astronaut Corps. In 1963, after successfully completing the ARPS program, Ed was recommended by the U.S. Air Force for the NASA Astronaut Corps but ultimately was not among those selected. He entered private life in 1966 and spent a decade as an entrepreneur before dedicating his life’s work to using sculpture as a medium to tell the story of Black history. He’s spent the last five decades creating large-scale monuments of iconic Black figures, including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad, among many others. His more than 130 public works are installed in museums and public spaces across the U.S. and Canada. Ed was born in 1933 and raised in Kansas City, KS.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Dwight", "agency": { "id": 141, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/141/?format=api", "name": "Blue Origin", "featured": true, "type": "Commercial", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "BO", "description": "Blue Origin is an American privately funded aerospace manufacturer and spaceflight services company set up by Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos with its headquarters in Kent, Washington. The company is developing technologies to enable private human access to space with the goal to dramatically lower costs and increase reliability. Blue Origin currently launches its New Shepard sub-orbital vehicle from its West Texas launch site, they are currently constructing a launch pad for their orbital vehicle New Glenn at Cape Canaveral LC-36.", "administrator": "CEO: Jeff Bezos", "founding_year": "2000", "launchers": "New Shepard | New Glenn", "spacecraft": "", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/blue2520origin_image_20190207032427.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/blue2520origin_logo_20190207032427.png" }, "profile_image": null, "profile_image_thumbnail": null, "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "2024-05-19T14:35:09Z", "first_flight": "2024-05-19T14:35:09Z" }, { "id": 750, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/750/?format=api", "name": "Raphaël Liégeois", "status": { "id": 3, "name": "In-Training" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P0D", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": null, "date_of_birth": null, "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Belgian", "bio": "Raphaël studied biomedical engineering at the University of Liège, Belgium, from 2005 to 2011. He also became Ingénieur Centralien as part of a double degree exchange programme with the École Centrale Paris, France, in 2009 and earned a master’s degree in fundamental physics from the University Paris-Sud Orsay, France, in 2010.\r\nFrom 2011 to 2015, he completed a Doctorate in neuroscience at the University of Liège, Belgium, where he developed mathematical models of brain function. \r\nFrom 2015 to 2017, he completed a post-doctoral research stay at the National University of Singapore, where his research aimed at defining new neuroimaging markers of neurodegenerative diseases. From 2018 to 2021, Raphaël was a senior post-doctoral research fellow with the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland, where he developed dynamic models of brain function. During this time, Raphaël was also a visiting research scholar at Stanford University, USA, in 2019. \r\n\r\nFrom 2021, Raphaël has been working as a Research and Teaching Fellow at the University of Geneva and the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland, where he taught neuroengineering and statistics courses, and pursued research on brain dynamics in health and disease. His research was awarded with several prizes and honours and he was active as organiser of multiple international courses and events.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": null, "agency": { "id": 27, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/27/?format=api", "name": "European Space Agency", "featured": false, "type": "Multinational", "country_code": "FRA,ITA,DEU,ESP,CHE,GBR,AUT,SWE,PRT,NLD,HUN,POL,DNK,CZE,ROU,NOR,FIN,GRC,EST,IRL,LUX,BEL,SVN", "abbrev": "ESA", "description": "The European Space Agency is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states. Established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris, France, ESA has a worldwide staff of about 2,000 employees.\r\n\r\nESA's space flight programme includes human spaceflight (mainly through participation in the International Space Station program); the launch and operation of unmanned exploration missions to other planets and the Moon; Earth observation, science and telecommunication; designing launch vehicles; and maintaining a major spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana.", "administrator": "Director General: Josef Aschbacher", "founding_year": "1975", "launchers": "Ariane | Vega", "spacecraft": "Space Rider", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/esa_patch_float_image_20250211192109.png", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/european2520space2520agency_logo_20221130101442.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/rapha25c325ab_image_20221123151537.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190557.jpeg", "flights_count": 0, "landings_count": 0, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": null, "first_flight": null }, { "id": 189, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/189/?format=api", "name": "Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov", "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P20DT17H43M39S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 70, "date_of_birth": "1933-01-06", "date_of_death": "2003-05-28", "nationality": "Russian", "bio": "Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov (Russian: Оле́г Григо́рьевич Мака́ров) (6 January 1933 – 28 May 2003) was a Soviet cosmonaut.\r\nHe was originally part of the Soviet lunar program and was training with Aleksei Leonov for the first manned circumlunar flight. After the success of Apollo 8, however, the flight was cancelled.\r\n\r\nHis first spaceflight was Soyuz 12 in 1973, a test flight to check the changes made to the Soyuz spacecraft after the Soyuz 11 disaster. His second flight was the abortive Soyuz 18a that made an emergency landing in the Altay Mountains, 21 minutes after launch. With his third launch on Soyuz 27 he flew to space station Salyut 6 and landed five days later with the Soyuz 26 spacecraft. His last mission was Soyuz T-3, during which several repairs on Salyut 6 were done. He also served on the backup crews for Soyuz 17 and Soyuz T-2. Altogether he spent 20 days, 17 hours, and 44 minutes in space.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_Grigoryevich_Makarov", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/oleg2520grigoryevich2520makarov_image_20181201174249.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190610.jpeg", "flights_count": 4, "landings_count": 4, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "1980-11-27T14:18:28Z", "first_flight": "1973-09-27T12:18:16Z" }, { "id": 374, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/374/?format=api", "name": "Bonnie J. Dunbar", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P50DT8H24M3S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 76, "date_of_birth": "1949-03-03", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Bonnie Jeanne Dunbar is a former NASA astronaut. She retired from NASA in September 2005 then served as president and CEO of The Museum of Flight until April 2010. From January 2013 - December 2015, Dr. Dunbar lead the University of Houston's STEM Center (science, technology, engineering and math) and was a faculty member in the Cullen College of Engineering.[1] Currently, she is a professor of aerospace engineering at Texas A&M University and serves as Director of the Institute for Engineering Education and Innovation (IEEI), a joint entity in the Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station (TEES) and the Dwight Look College of Engineering at Texas A&M University.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnie_J._Dunbar", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Acting Administrator: James Free", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/bonnie2520j.2520dunbar_image_20181202120831.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190626.jpeg", "flights_count": 5, "landings_count": 5, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "1998-01-23T02:48:15Z", "first_flight": "1985-10-30T17:00:00Z" }, { "id": 155, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/155/?format=api", "name": "Georgi Ivanov", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P1DT23H1M6S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 85, "date_of_birth": "1940-07-02", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Bulgarian", "bio": "Major general Georgi Ivanov Kakalov (Bulgarian: Георги Иванов Какалов; born July 2, 1940) is a Bulgarian former military officer who was the first Bulgarian cosmonaut. \r\n\r\nIvanov, along with Soviet cosmonaut Nikolai Rukavishnikov, was launched into space as part of the Soyuz 33 mission from Baikonur Cosmodrome on April 10, 1979, at 17:34 (GMT). The scientific program for the flight was prepared entirely by Bulgarian scientists, along with some of the equipment.\r\n\r\nThough take-off was smooth, the mission was a disaster, with severe damage of the engine preventing docking in orbit to Salyut 6 orbital station as it was initially planned. A premature return to Earth became the only possible decision for Ivanov and Rukavishnikov. Due to some additional technical problems landing was difficult to endure-more than 9Gs. When Soyuz 33 finally landed, it was 320 kilometres (200 mi) southeast of Dzhezkazgan. It completed 31 orbits, and was in space for 1 day, 23 hours, and 1 minute. The flight remains the only example for manual landing and is thus quoted in every astronautic textbook.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi_Ivanov_(cosmonaut)", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/georgi2520ivanov_image_20181129231428.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190928.jpeg", "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "1979-04-10T17:34:34Z", "first_flight": "1979-04-10T17:34:34Z" }, { "id": 484, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/484/?format=api", "name": "Yi So-yeon", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P10DT21H13M21S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 47, "date_of_birth": "1978-06-02", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "South Korean", "bio": "Yi So-yeon (born June 2, 1978) is an astronaut and biotechnologist who became the first Korean to fly in space.\r\nYi was one of the two finalists chosen on December 25, 2006 through the Korean Astronaut Program. On September 5, 2007, the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology chose Ko San, over Yi So-yeon, following performance and other tests during their training in Russia.\r\n\r\nOn March 7, 2008, she was selected to train with the primary crew, and on March 10 the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology announced that Yi would replace Ko. This was after the Russian Federal Space Agency asked for a replacement, because Ko violated regulations several times at a Russian training center by removing sensitive reading materials and mailing one back to Korea. On April 8, 2008, Yi was launched into space on board Soyuz TMA-12 with two Russian cosmonauts. South Korea is reported to have paid Russia $20 million for Yi's space flight. She is the third woman, after Helen Sharman of the United Kingdom and Anousheh Ansari an Iranian American, to be the first national from their country in space.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_So-yeon", "agency": { "id": 261, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/261/?format=api", "name": "Korean Astronaut Program", "featured": false, "type": "Government", "country_code": "KOR", "abbrev": "KAP", "description": "The Korean Astronaut Program was an initiative by the South Korean government to send the first Korean into space via the Russian space program. In 2008, Yi So-yeon became the first and only Korean to go to space for 10 days.", "administrator": null, "founding_year": "2006", "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "parent": null, "image_url": null, "logo_url": null }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/yi2520so-yeon_image_20181202184152.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305191115.jpeg", "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "2008-04-08T11:16:39Z", "first_flight": "2008-04-08T11:16:39Z" }, { "id": 518, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/518/?format=api", "name": "Gregory C. Johnson", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P12DT21H37M4S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 71, "date_of_birth": "1954-07-30", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Gregory Carl \"Ray J\" Johnson is a former American naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aerospace engineer, and NASA astronaut. He spent his military career in both, the United States Navy and the Navy Reserve. He was the Pilot on Space Shuttle mission STS-125, the final Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission.", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/AstroRayJ", "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_C._Johnson", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Acting Administrator: James Free", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/gregory_c._john_image_20220911034032.jpeg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190620.jpeg", "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "2009-05-11T18:01:56Z", "first_flight": "2009-05-11T18:01:56Z" }, { "id": 48, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/48/?format=api", "name": "Clifton Williams", "status": { "id": 5, "name": "Lost In Training" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P0D", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 35, "date_of_birth": "1932-09-26", "date_of_death": "1967-10-05", "nationality": "American", "bio": "Clifton Curtis \"C.C.\" Williams Jr. was an American naval aviator, test pilot, mechanical engineer, major in the United States Marine Corps, and NASA astronaut, who was killed in a plane crash; he had never been to space. The crash was caused by a mechanical failure in a NASA T-38 jet trainer, which he was piloting to visit his parents in Mobile, Alabama. The failure caused the flight controls to stop responding, and although he activated the ejection seat, it did not save him. He was the fourth astronaut from NASA's Astronaut Group 3 to have died, the first two (Charles Bassett and Theodore Freeman) having been killed in separate T-38 flights, and the third (Roger B. Chaffee) in the Apollo 1 fire earlier that year. The aircraft crashed in Florida near Tallahassee within an hour of departing Patrick AFB.\r\n\r\nAlthough he was never on a spaceflight, he served as backup pilot for the mission Gemini 10, which took place in July 1966. Following this mission, he was selected to be the Lunar Module pilot for an Apollo mission to the Moon commanded by Pete Conrad. Following Williams' death, Alan Bean became Lunar Module pilot for Conrad's mission, which ended up being Apollo 12, the second lunar landing.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifton_Williams", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Acting Administrator: James Free", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/clifton2520williams_image_20181128150353.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190504.jpeg", "flights_count": 0, "landings_count": 0, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": null, "first_flight": null }, { "id": 486, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/486/?format=api", "name": "Stephen Frick", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P23DT14H3M11S", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 60, "date_of_birth": "1964-09-30", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Stephen Nathaniel Frick is an American astronaut and a veteran of two Space Shuttle missions. Raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Frick graduated from Pine-Richland High School in 1982, earned a degree in aerospace engineering from the United States Naval Academy in 1986, was commissioned as a United States Navy officer, and trained as a F/A-18 fighter pilot. Stationed aboard the carrier USS Saratoga, he flew combat missions during the Gulf War and then earned a master's degree in aeronautical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1994.\r\n\r\nFrick was selected as a NASA astronaut candidate in 1996 and was trained as a Space Shuttle pilot. He piloted mission STS-110, a docking mission with the International Space Station.\r\n\r\nIn July 2006, Frick was assigned to command the crew of STS-122. The 12-day mission delivered the European Space Agency's Columbus laboratory and returned Expedition 16 Flight Engineer Daniel M. Tani to Earth. The mission launched February 7, 2008, and touched down February 20, 2008. NASA announced his retirement in July 2015.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Frick", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Acting Administrator: James Free", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/stephen_frick_image_20220911033547.jpeg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185804.jpeg", "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 0, "last_flight": "2008-02-07T19:45:30Z", "first_flight": "2002-04-08T20:44:19Z" }, { "id": 329, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/329/?format=api", "name": "C. Gordon Fullerton", "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P7DT22H45M", "eva_time": "P0D", "age": 76, "date_of_birth": "1936-10-11", "date_of_death": "2013-08-21", "nationality": "American", "bio": "Charles Gordon Fullerton was a United States Air Force colonel, a USAF and NASA astronaut, and a research pilot at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, California.[1] His assignments included a variety of flight research and support activities piloting NASA's B-52 launch aircraft, the Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA), and other multi-engine and high performance aircraft. Fullerton, who logged more than 380 hours in space flight, was a NASA astronaut from September 1969 until November 1986 when he joined the research pilot office at Dryden. In July 1988, he completed a 30-year career with the U.S. Air Force and retired as a colonel. He continued in his position of NASA research pilot as a civilian. Fullerton and his wife and their two children lived in Lancaster, California.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._Gordon_Fullerton", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. 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