Astronaut List
API endpoint that allows Astronaut to be viewed.
GET: Return a list of all the existing astronauts.
MODE: Normal, List, LaunchList and Detailed /2.2.0/astronaut/?mode=detailed
FILTERS: Parameters - 'name', 'status', 'nationality', 'agency__name', 'agency__abbrev', 'date_of_birth', 'date_of_death', 'status_ids', 'is_human', 'type__id', 'has_flown', 'in_space' Example - /2.2.0/astronaut/?nationality=American
SEARCH EXAMPLE: /2.2.0/astronaut/?search=armstrong Searches through name, nationality and agency name
ORDERING: Fields - 'name', 'status', 'date_of_birth' Example - /2.2.0/astronaut/?order=name
GET /2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&offset=220&ordering=-spacewalks_count
{ "count": 853, "next": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&limit=10&offset=230&ordering=-spacewalks_count", "previous": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/?format=api&limit=10&offset=210&ordering=-spacewalks_count", "results": [ { "id": 79, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/79/?format=api", "name": "Anatoly Berezovoy", "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P211DT9H4M31S", "eva_time": "PT2H33M", "age": 72, "date_of_birth": "1942-04-11", "date_of_death": "2014-09-20", "nationality": "Russian", "bio": "Anatoly Nikolayevich Berezovoy (Russian: Анато́лий Никола́евич Березово́й; 11 April 1942 – 20 September 2014) was a Soviet cosmonaut.\r\n\r\nOn 27 April 1970 he was selected as a cosmonaut. In 1982 he flew as Commander on Soyuz T-5 on the first mission to the Salyut 7 space station, returning to Earth on the Soyuz T-7 after 211 days 9 hours. He retired on 31 October 1992 due to age. From 1992 to 1999, he was a Deputy President of Russian Space Federation.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoly_Berezovoy", "agency": { "id": 63, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/63/?format=api", "name": "Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "RUS", "abbrev": "RFSA", "description": "The Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, commonly known as Roscosmos, is the governmental body responsible for the space science program of the Russian Federation and general aerospace research. Soyuz has many launch locations the Russian sites are Baikonur, Plesetsk and Vostochny however Ariane also purchases the vehicle and launches it from French Guiana.", "administrator": "Administrator: Yuri Borisov", "founding_year": "1992", "launchers": "Soyuz", "spacecraft": "Soyuz", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_image_20190207032459.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/russian2520federal2520space2520agency25202528roscosmos2529_logo_20190207032459.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/anatoly2520berezovoy_image_20181128223323.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190245.jpeg", "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 1, "last_flight": "1982-05-13T09:58:05Z", "first_flight": "1982-05-13T09:58:05Z" }, { "id": 188, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/188/?format=api", "name": "Steve MacLean", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P21DT16H1M25S", "eva_time": "PT7H11M", "age": 71, "date_of_birth": "1954-12-14", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Canadian", "bio": "Steven Glenwood MacLean FRCGS (born December 14, 1954) is a Canadian astronaut.\r\nMacLean served as a Mission Specialist on STS-115, which launched on September 9, 2006, and returned on September 21, 2006. He became the first Canadian to operate the robotic arm Canadarm2. On September 13, he performed his first spacewalk, a 7-hour EVA to activate the solar panels on the P3/4 truss – the second Canadian to do so, after Chris Hadfield.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_MacLean_(astronaut)", "agency": { "id": 16, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/16/?format=api", "name": "Canadian Space Agency", "featured": false, "type": "Government", "country_code": "CAN", "abbrev": "CSA", "description": "The Canadian Space Agency was established by the Canadian Space Agency Act which received Royal Assent on May 10, 1990. \r\n\r\nThe Canadian space program is administered by the Canadian Space Agency. Canada has contributed technology, expertise and personnel to the world space effort, especially in collaboration with ESA and NASA. In addition to its astronauts and satellites, some of the most notable Canadian technological contributions to space exploration include the Canadarm on the Space Shuttle and Canadarm2 on the International Space Station.", "administrator": "President: Lisa Campbell", "founding_year": "1990", "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "", "parent": null, "image_url": null, "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/canadian2520space2520agency_logo_20231122160211.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/steve2520maclean_image_20181201174100.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185306.jpeg", "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 1, "last_flight": "2006-09-09T15:14:55Z", "first_flight": "1992-10-22T17:09:40Z" }, { "id": 451, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/451/?format=api", "name": "Jerry M. Linenger", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P143DT2H48M44S", "eva_time": "PT4H59M", "age": 71, "date_of_birth": "1955-01-09", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Jerry Michael Linenger is a retired Captain in the United States Navy Medical Corps, and a former NASA astronaut who flew on the Space Shuttle and Space Station Mir.", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/Linenger", "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_M._Linenger", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Jared Isaacman", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/jerry2520m.2520linenger_image_20181202145028.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185643.jpeg", "flights_count": 2, "landings_count": 2, "spacewalks_count": 1, "last_flight": "1997-01-12T09:27:23Z", "first_flight": "1994-09-09T22:22:53Z" }, { "id": 376, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/376/?format=api", "name": "David Leestma", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P22DT4H32M21S", "eva_time": "PT3H27M", "age": 76, "date_of_birth": "1949-05-06", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "David Cornell Leestma is a former American astronaut and retired Captain in the United States Navy.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Leestma", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Jared Isaacman", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/david2520leestma_image_20181202121039.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185617.jpeg", "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 1, "last_flight": "1992-03-24T13:13:39Z", "first_flight": "1984-10-05T11:03:00Z" }, { "id": 47, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/47/?format=api", "name": "Rusty Schweickart", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P10DT1H", "eva_time": "PT1H17M", "age": 90, "date_of_birth": "1935-10-25", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Russell Louis \"Rusty\" Schweickart is an American aeronautical engineer, and a former NASA astronaut, research scientist, U.S. Air Force fighter pilot, as well as a former business executive and government executive.\r\n\r\nSelected in 1963 for NASA's third astronaut group, he is best known as the Lunar Module Pilot on the 1969 Apollo 9 mission, the first manned flight test of the Lunar Module, on which he performed the first in-space test of the Portable Life Support System used by the Apollo astronauts who walked on the Moon. As backup Commander of the first manned Skylab mission in 1973, he was responsible for developing the hardware and procedures used by the first crew to perform critical in-flight repairs of the Skylab station. After Skylab, he served for a time as Director of User Affairs in NASA's Office of Applications.\r\n\r\nSchweickart left NASA in 1977 to serve for two years as California Governor Jerry Brown's assistant for science and technology, then was appointed by Brown to California's Energy Commission for five and a half years, serving as chairman for three.\r\n\r\nIn 1984–85 he co-founded the Association of Space Explorers and later in 2002 co-founded the B612 Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to defending Earth from asteroid impacts, along with fellow former astronaut Ed Lu and two planetary scientists. He served for a period as its chair before becoming its chair emeritus.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusty_Schweickart", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Jared Isaacman", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/rusty2520schweickart_image_20181128145913.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190342.jpeg", "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 1, "last_flight": "1969-03-03T16:00:00Z", "first_flight": "1969-03-03T16:00:00Z" }, { "id": 311, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/311/?format=api", "name": "Ken Mattingly", "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P21DT2H42M", "eva_time": "PT1H23M42S", "age": 87, "date_of_birth": "1936-03-17", "date_of_death": "2023-10-31", "nationality": "American", "bio": "Thomas Kenneth Mattingly II better known as Ken Mattingly, is a former American naval officer and aviator, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, Rear Admiral in the United States Navy and astronaut who flew on the Apollo 16, STS-4 and STS-51-C missions. He had been scheduled to fly on Apollo 13, but was held back due to concerns about a potential illness (which he did not contract). He later flew as Command Module Pilot for Apollo 16, making him one of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Mattingly", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Jared Isaacman", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/ken_mattingly_image_20231103055657.jpeg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305190416.jpeg", "flights_count": 3, "landings_count": 3, "spacewalks_count": 1, "last_flight": "1985-01-24T19:50:00Z", "first_flight": "1972-04-16T17:54:00Z" }, { "id": 300, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/300/?format=api", "name": "Alfred Worden", "status": { "id": 11, "name": "Deceased" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P12D", "eva_time": "PT39M7S", "age": 88, "date_of_birth": "1932-02-07", "date_of_death": "2020-03-18", "nationality": "American", "bio": "Alfred Merrill \"Al\" Worden is an American astronaut and engineer who was the Command Module Pilot for the Apollo 15 lunar mission in 1971. He is one of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Worden", "agency": { "id": 44, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/44/?format=api", "name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "NASA", "description": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA have many launch facilities but most are inactive. The most commonly used pad will be LC-39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "administrator": "Administrator: Jared Isaacman", "founding_year": "1958", "launchers": "Space Shuttle | SLS", "spacecraft": "Orion", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_image_20190207032448.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/national2520aeronautics2520and2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032448.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/alfred2520worden_image_20181202090203.jpg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185759.jpeg", "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 1, "last_flight": "1971-07-26T13:34:00Z", "first_flight": "1971-07-26T13:34:00Z" }, { "id": 717, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/717/?format=api", "name": "Sarah Gillis", "status": { "id": 14, "name": "Occasional Spaceflight" }, "type": { "id": 3, "name": "Private" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P4DT22H13M5S", "eva_time": "PT8M", "age": 36, "date_of_birth": "1990-01-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "American", "bio": "Sarah Gillis is a Lead Space Operations Engineer at SpaceX, responsible for overseeing the company’s astronaut training program. This includes the development of mission-specific curriculum and training execution for both NASA and commercial astronauts who fly aboard the Dragon spacecraft. She prepared NASA astronauts for the Demo-2 and Crew-1 missions as well as directly trained the Inspiration4 astronauts. She is an experienced mission control operator, who has supported real-time operations for Dragon’s cargo resupply missions to and from the International Space Station as a Navigation Officer, and as a crew communicator for Dragon’s human spaceflight missions.", "twitter": "https://twitter.com/Gillis_SarahE", "instagram": null, "wiki": null, "agency": { "id": 121, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/121/?format=api", "name": "SpaceX", "featured": true, "type": "Commercial", "country_code": "USA", "abbrev": "SpX", "description": "Space Exploration Technologies Corp., known as SpaceX, is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company headquartered in Hawthorne, California. It was founded in 2002 by entrepreneur Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs and enabling the colonization of Mars. SpaceX operates from many pads, on the East Coast of the US they operate from SLC-40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and historic LC-39A at Kennedy Space Center. They also operate from SLC-4E at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, usually for polar launches. Another launch site is being developed at Boca Chica, Texas.", "administrator": "CEO: Elon Musk", "founding_year": "2002", "launchers": "Falcon | Starship", "spacecraft": "Dragon", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex_image_20190207032501.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/spacex_logo_20220826094919.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/sarah_gillis_image_20220214140409.jpeg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185621.jpeg", "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 1, "last_flight": "2024-09-10T09:23:49Z", "first_flight": "2024-09-10T09:23:49Z" }, { "id": 783, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/783/?format=api", "name": "Xinlin Jiang", "status": { "id": 1, "name": "Active" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P187DT6H31M58S", "eva_time": "PT8H2M", "age": 38, "date_of_birth": "1988-02-01", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "Chinese", "bio": "Jiang Xinlin is a Chinese pilot and astronaut selected as part of the Shenzhou program. He enlisted in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Air Forces in September 2006, and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in January 2010.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": null, "agency": { "id": 17, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/17/?format=api", "name": "China National Space Administration", "featured": true, "type": "Government", "country_code": "CHN", "abbrev": "CNSA", "description": "The China National Space Administration (CNSA) is the national space agency of the People's Republic of China. It is responsible for the national space program and for planning and development of space activities. CNSA and China Aerospace Corporation (CASC) assumed the authority over space development efforts previously held by the Ministry of Aerospace Industry. The CNSA has many launch sites around China with their orbital sites located in Jiuquan, Xichang, Taiyuan and Wenchang.", "administrator": "Administrator: Tang Dengjie", "founding_year": "1993", "launchers": "", "spacecraft": "Shenzhou", "parent": null, "image_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/china2520national2520space2520administration_image_20190207032431.jpeg", "logo_url": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/china2520national2520space2520administration_logo_20190207032431.png" }, "profile_image": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/xinlin_jiang_image_20231025055835.jpeg", "profile_image_thumbnail": "https://thespacedevs-prod.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/media/images/255bauto255d__image_thumbnail_20240305185525.jpeg", "flights_count": 1, "landings_count": 1, "spacewalks_count": 1, "last_flight": "2023-10-26T03:14:02Z", "first_flight": "2023-10-26T03:14:02Z" }, { "id": 626, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/astronaut/626/?format=api", "name": "Jean-Pierre Haigneré", "status": { "id": 2, "name": "Retired" }, "type": { "id": 2, "name": "Government" }, "in_space": false, "time_in_space": "P209DT12H24M21S", "eva_time": "PT6H19M", "age": 77, "date_of_birth": "1948-05-19", "date_of_death": null, "nationality": "French", "bio": "Jean-Pierre Haigneré (born 19 May 1948) is a French Air Force officer and a former CNES spationaut.\r\n\r\nHe flew on two missions to the Mir space station in 1993 and 1999. The Mir Altair long-duration mission (186 days) in 1993 also included an EVA.", "twitter": null, "instagram": null, "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Haigner%C3%A9", "agency": { "id": 46, "url": "https://ll.thespacedevs.com/2.2.0/agencies/46/?format=api", "name": "National Center of Space Research", "featured": false, "type": "Government", "country_code": "FRA", "abbrev": "CNES", "description": "The National Center of Space Research, or CNES, is a French National Agency in charge of France's space program. In partnership with the US and Russia, they have put 10 people in space. CNES works in tandem with the larger ESA to develop the Ariane 5 and work on other probes and satellites. 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